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Hydrogen As A Fuel For Ic Engine

Hydrogen has potential as a fuel for internal combustion engines due to its high energy content by weight and zero emissions during combustion. It can be manufactured from hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, or water through processes like steam reforming or electrolysis. Hydrogen has wide flammability limits, low ignition energy, and high flame speed, but poses challenges like premature ignition that require engine design adaptations. While hydrogen combustion produces only water, NOx emissions can occur at high temperatures. Further development is still needed in storage technologies and preventing premature ignition to fully realize hydrogen's potential as a transportation fuel.

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59 views

Hydrogen As A Fuel For Ic Engine

Hydrogen has potential as a fuel for internal combustion engines due to its high energy content by weight and zero emissions during combustion. It can be manufactured from hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, or water through processes like steam reforming or electrolysis. Hydrogen has wide flammability limits, low ignition energy, and high flame speed, but poses challenges like premature ignition that require engine design adaptations. While hydrogen combustion produces only water, NOx emissions can occur at high temperatures. Further development is still needed in storage technologies and preventing premature ignition to fully realize hydrogen's potential as a transportation fuel.

Uploaded by

rahulthapa403
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HYDROGEN AS A FUEL FOR

IC ENGINE

prepared by :

Mukesh kumar
B.Tech 7th Sem
Mechanical Engineering
NIT Srinagar
INTRODUCTION

• Hydrogen(h2) is a gas at NTP.


• It is colourless,odourless and non toxic
• Hydrogen has the highest energy content
than any common fuel by weight
• combustion of hydrogen produces no
carbon-based compounds such as HC,
CO, and CO2.
SCOPE OF HYDROGEN

• Global warming
• Air pollution
• Limited fuel diesel/petrol
MANUFACTURING PROCESS

#From hydocarbons

• STEAM REFORMING
CH4 + H2O → CO + 3 H2 + 191.7 kJ/mol

• From carbon monoxide


CO + H2O → CO2 + H2 - 40.4 kJ/mol
MANUFACTURING PROCESS

#From water:
1.Biological production
2.Electrolysis
3.Photoelectric water splitting
COMBUSTIVE PROPERTIES OF
HYDROGEN
• wide range of flammability
• low ignition energy
• high autoignition temperature
• high flame speed
• high diffusivity
• very low density
AIR FUEL RATIO

• stoichometric A/F based on mass = 34.33:1

• However hydrogen engines can run on A/F ratio


anywhere from 34:1(stoichometric) to 180:1.

• Fuel equivalence ratio (phi) =stoichometric A/F ratio


Actual air fuel ratio
THERMAL EFFICIENCY
• The theoretical thermodynamic efficiency of an
Otto cycle engine is based on the compression
ratio of the engine

• The higher the compression ratio, the higher


the indicated thermodynamic efficiency of the
engine.
• Since hydrogen as high auto ignition temp.
specially at lean mix. So it can be compressed
more and hence has high efficiency.
PRE IGNITION PROBLEMS

• Due to lower ignition energy.

• Pre ignition caused by hotspots in


combustion chamber,such as spark
plug or exhaust valve.
SOLUTIONS

• Fuel delivery system design :

a. Central injection (or “carbureted”)


b. Port injection
c. Direct injection (“most efficient”)
IGNITION SYSTEMS

• Two sparks plug needed to accommodate


wide range.
• Spark plugs should have cold rating.
• platinum-tip spark plugs should be
avoided.
ENGINE DESIGN
• Combustion chamber is made such so as to
reduce turbulence within the chamber
• Large bore -to-stroke ratio
• Cooling system must be better designed
• Two small exhaust valves as opposed to
single large one
• Effective scavenging system
CRANKASE VENTILATION

• More important for hydrogen engine


gasoline engines
Reason:-
• low ignition energy, so can be ignited in to
crankcase.
• The mixing of water into the crankcase oil
reduces its lubrication ability, resulting in a
higher degree of engine wear.
EMISSIONS
• The combustion of hydrogen with oxygen
produces water as its only product:
• 2H2 + o2 = 2H2o
• However at high temp.
H2 + o2 + N2 = H2o + N 2 + NOX
POWER OUTPUT
# maximum power output from a hydrogen
engine depends on the air/fuel ratio and fuel
injection method used.

a. We have to use lean mixture to avoid


formation of NOx and consequently there
is reduction in power output.

b. Max output in case of direct injection system is


15% higher than that of gasoline engines.
HYDROGEN STORAGES

• In a liquid form at -253°C cryogenic


container
• In as metal hydride, such as iron-
titanium hydride FeTiH.
• In a pressurized gaseous form at 200 to
700bar.
ADVANTAGES

• High octane number


• Low emissions
• Fuel availability
• Fuel leakage to the environment is not a
problem.
DISADVANTAGES

• Heavy, bulky fuel storage.


• Difficult to refuel.
• Poor engine volumetric efficiency.
• High cost fuel at today technology.
• fuel can lead to premature ignition.
SOME AUTOMOBILES
USING HYDROGEN
CONCLUSIONS

• Although the above advantages prove


hydrogen to be a future fuel for IC
Engines, there is a need for further
development in the areas of storage,
Pre mature ignition problems.
THANK YOU
Refrences

• www.edocfind.com
• www.freepatentsonline.com
• www.wikipedia.org
• http://www.eere.energy.gov

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