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    Storage Media Power

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    Ashish Kamble
    The document discusses power consumption characteristics of different storage media, focusing on hard disks. It describes the main components of a hard disk that influence power usage, including the spindle motor and read-write heads. Power consumption varies depending on the operational state, with the active state using the most power as all components are on, followed by the idle state where only the spindle and electronics are on. Hard disks can also be categorized based on the bus type, which impacts their power profiles due to differences in hardware and specifications.

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    Storage Media Power

    Uploaded by

    Ashish Kamble
    327 views8 pages
    The document discusses power consumption characteristics of different storage media, focusing on hard disks. It describes the main components of a hard disk that influence power usage, including the spindle motor and read-write heads. Power consumption varies depending on the operational state, with the active state using the most power as all components are on, followed by the idle state where only the spindle and electronics are on. Hard disks can also be categorized based on the bus type, which impacts their power profiles due to differences in hardware and specifications.

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    The document discusses power consumption characteristics of different storage media, focusing on hard disks. It describes the main components of a hard disk that influence power usage, including the spindle motor and read-write heads. Power consumption varies depending on the operational state, with the active state using the most power as all components are on, followed by the idle state where only the spindle and electronics are on. Hard disks can also be categorized based on the bus type, which impacts their power profiles due to differences in hardware and specifications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    327 views8 pages

    Storage Media Power

    Uploaded by

    Ashish Kamble
    The document discusses power consumption characteristics of different storage media, focusing on hard disks. It describes the main components of a hard disk that influence power usage, including the spindle motor and read-write heads. Power consumption varies depending on the operational state, with the active state using the most power as all components are on, followed by the idle state where only the spindle and electronics are on. Hard disks can also be categorized based on the bus type, which impacts their power profiles due to differences in hardware and specifications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    STORAGE MEDIA POWER

    CHARACTERISTICS
    INTRODUCTION

     The operational characteristics of different devices highly influence their


    power consumption.
     In this section, firstly we describe the different operational states and their
    power characteristics in hard disks
    HARD DISK
     Hard disks are the most common nonvolatile storage media.
     A hard disk drive (HDD) contains disk platters on a rotating spindle and read-
    write heads floating above the platters. The read-write heads encode data
    magnetically.
    POWER CONSUMPTION
     Power consumption of a hard disk in different operational (power) states can
    differ
     Power consumption of magnetic hard disks is a function of its rotational speed
    and the data access rate.
     Most power is consumed by the rotating spindle, followed by the head.
     The total power consumption (Ptotal) of a hard disk is the sum of the power
    consumed by the spindle motor (Pspindle), the power consumed by the head
    movement (Phead) and the power consumed by other components (Pother) which
    is relatively small, has less variation and includes the power consumed by
    buffers (Pbuffer).
     Ptotal = Pspindle + Phead + Pother
    OPERATIONAL STATES
     Hard drives are in one of the following four states: active, standby, idle or
    sleep.
     These states are governed by the power states of the three main
    subcomponents – the spindle motor, head assembly and device electronics.
     In the active state, all the three components are powered on and input–
    output (I/O) is serviced.
     The power consumption in active mode is defined as follows:
    Pactive = Pspindle + Phead + Pother.
     In the idle state, only the spindle motor and device electronics are on and the
    head typically does not consume any power in this state.
     Power consumed is mainly determined by the spindle’s rotational speed
    Pidle = Pspindle + Pother.
     In the standby state, only the device electronics are on.
     Power consumed in this state, Pstandby = Pother, is very little compared to the
    active or idle state.
     In the sleep state, all components are off and hence any requests will result
    in IO timeouts or errors.
    CATEGORIES OF HARD DISK
     Hard disks can be accessed by the host system via different types of bus. Based on
    the bus type, hard disks can be categorized into
    1. Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA),also called Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)
    2. Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)
    3. Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
    4. Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)
    5. Fibre Channel (FC)
     Each of these hard drive categories has different power characteristics as they have
    different hardware and operational profiles, such as their type of magnetic material
    used, number of platters, amount of buffering and rotational speed.
     For instance, SCSI, SAS and FC drives are typically targeted at enterprise computing
    and hence have high rotational speeds leading to higher active or idle power
    consumptions as compared to ATA, IDE and SATA drives.
    THANK YOU

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