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    Gherkin Presentation

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    ravi ram
    The document discusses the diagrid structural system used in the 30 St Mary Axe building, commonly known as the Gherkin, in London. It describes how the diagrid system works, distributing vertical and lateral loads through a series of interlocking diagonal beams arranged in a triangular grid pattern around the building's perimeter. This creates a stiff exoskeleton that provides stability without needing a solid core, using around 21% less steel than a standard design. The document outlines key aspects of the diagrid structure like node connections, shaping to reduce wind loads, and how vertical loads are transferred down through tapering diagonals to the foundations.

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    © All Rights Reserved

    Gherkin Presentation

    Uploaded by

    ravi ram
    658 views32 pages
    The document discusses the diagrid structural system used in the 30 St Mary Axe building, commonly known as the Gherkin, in London. It describes how the diagrid system works, distributing vertical and lateral loads through a series of interlocking diagonal beams arranged in a triangular grid pattern around the building's perimeter. This creates a stiff exoskeleton that provides stability without needing a solid core, using around 21% less steel than a standard design. The document outlines key aspects of the diagrid structure like node connections, shaping to reduce wind loads, and how vertical loads are transferred down through tapering diagonals to the foundations.

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    GHERKIN LONDON

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    The document discusses the diagrid structural system used in the 30 St Mary Axe building, commonly known as the Gherkin, in London. It describes how the diagrid system works, distributing vertical and lateral loads through a series of interlocking diagonal beams arranged in a triangular grid pattern around the building's perimeter. This creates a stiff exoskeleton that provides stability without needing a solid core, using around 21% less steel than a standard design. The document outlines key aspects of the diagrid structure like node connections, shaping to reduce wind loads, and how vertical loads are transferred down through tapering diagonals to the foundations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    658 views32 pages

    Gherkin Presentation

    Uploaded by

    ravi ram
    The document discusses the diagrid structural system used in the 30 St Mary Axe building, commonly known as the Gherkin, in London. It describes how the diagrid system works, distributing vertical and lateral loads through a series of interlocking diagonal beams arranged in a triangular grid pattern around the building's perimeter. This creates a stiff exoskeleton that provides stability without needing a solid core, using around 21% less steel than a standard design. The document outlines key aspects of the diagrid structure like node connections, shaping to reduce wind loads, and how vertical loads are transferred down through tapering diagonals to the foundations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    of 32

    THE GHERKIN

    RAM RAVI HIRAMAN


    BARCH/10025/15
    INTRODUCTION

    •Height to top of dome: 179.8 m


    •Height to highest occupied floor level: 167.1 m
    •Number of floors above ground: 40
    •Number of basement levels: single basement across whole
    site

    Ground floor and first floor consist of reception and a series The design provides column-free floor space, light and views,
    of shops at outer edge of the building with the arcade. and incorporates many sustainable building design features.
    Third tosixteenth floor is the office of swiss re insurance Spiralling light wells allow the maximum amount of sunlight
    company. to flood the interiors.
    There are private dining area at 38-40floors. Atria between the radiating fingers of each floor link
    together vertically to form a series of informal break-out
    The basement is used for the parking (only two wheelers ,no spaces. Each floor rotates 5 degrees from the one below.
    four wheelers are allowed in theparking).
    DiA-GRiD = DiAgonal + GRiD

    free standing structure without internal core.

    The presence of this civic


    structure has influenced Norman
    Foster & Arup explore diagrid
    system in the future. The diagrid
    structure began appear in
    contemporary steel design after
    initial example project – The
    London GLA, Gherkin Tower
    (Swiss Re) and Hearts Tower.
    Water Tower by Valdamir Shukov
    How diagrid works?
    How diagrid works?

    Original diagonal bracing member laid over exterior structure as supplementary


    support. However, the current diagrid system that used in exterior structures is
    primary mean of support.

    Diagrid tower is model as vertical cantilever. The size of diagonal grid is defined by
    the dividing tower height into series of modules.

    Diagrid “tube” does not have the sufficient strength to achieve stability in the
    structure. Ring beam connection to the floor edge can tied diagrid with the floor and
    the core.

    Normally multiple floors interesting with each long diagonal of the grid, these
    intersections will occur at the nodes as well as the several instances along the
    diagonal.

    When the diagonal bracing extends over several stories, each floor’s edge beam can
    frame into the diagonal members providing connection the core to support the floor
    edge beam.
    “diagrid is a series of triangle that combine gravity and
    lateral support into one, making the building to be stiff,
    efficient, and lighter than a traditional high rise”

    Cantor Seinuk from WSP


    These diagonals were affected by the width and height ratio.

    The base of the building have to designed to resist moment while the top have to
    resist the shear force. As a result, the foundation of a diagrid system is more
    concentrate on a point to reach stability

    The diagonal members in diagrid carry shear and moment. The optical angle of
    the diagrid will dependent on the building height and module. The expected
    optimal angle for diagonal members for diagrid structure will fall in the range of
    60° to 70°.

    “ a pure steel diagrid tower doesnot require a core for lateral resistance ”
    Diagrid nodes

    (1) pin node


    Not rigid pin connection can be used in the symmetrical structure since the
    structure have balance load.
    (2) Rigid Node
    the needs of rigid nodes to assist the structure to support during the construction
    process.
    Diagrid Joint

    (i)diagrid structure sit external and the envelope or curtain wall will clad on floor
    structure,

    (ii) diagrid structure sit internal and the envelope have to clad on the diagrid.

    There are two main joint for the diagrid structure: welding or
    bolting. This have to rely on the what appearance require for
    the design. for example when the structure to be expose,
    welding cans provides better aesthetic value.

    In the contrast, if the structure will be expose to external


    and cannot be visible, bolt and nut will be the better choice.
    Awelding connection is needed if the diagrid structures
    decided to architectural exposed it but required more skillful
    workers .

    Somehow, if the structure are to be clad or concealed like Welding joint for the Swiss Re
    Hearts Tower, the diagrid can choose to bolted on site for Tower interior

    speed erection.
    Vertical Load

    The gravity and vertical load from the building will distribute toward the apex of the
    diagonal structure. Somehow, it will affected by the height and angle of the
    diagonal.

    The vertical forces will be divide/disperse into the other diagonal member.
    Compression and tension result in the diagonal will transfer into the bottom
    section.
    Lateral Load

    the lateral load happened toward the "flange" of the structure receiving directional
    wind load. this will result the lateral load into two part; windward and leeward.

    As a consequence, these diagonal members receiving two different direction of


    force load. It will respond relatively. The structure able to resist both force and
    achieve equilibrium.
    Diagrid (diagonal + grid) is a design for constructing large buildings with steel that
    creates triangular structures with diagonal support beams. It requires less structural
    steel than a conventional steel frame.Hearst Tower in New York City, designed by Sir
    Norman Foster, reportedly uses 21 percent less steel than a standard design.
    The Diagrid also obviates the need for large corner columns and provides a better
    distribution of load in the case of a compromised building.
    The perimeter ‘diagrid’ structure The perimeter steel structural solution was developed
    specifically for this building in order to address the issues generated by the unusual geometry in
    a manner that was fully integrated with the architectural concept and generated the maximum
    benefit for the client.

    The final solution was one of a number of approaches that were assessed in detail foroverall
    structural efficiency, internal plannning benefits, buildability, cost and risk. The design avoids
    large cantilevers and keeps the light-wells free of floor structure by inclining the perimeter
    columns to follow the helical path of the six-fingered floors up through the building.

    A balanced diagrid structure is formed by generating a pattern of intersecting columns spiralling


    in both directions. The addition of horizontal hoops, which connect the columns at their
    intersection points and resist the forces arising from the curved shape, means that the
    perimeter structure is largely independent of the floors.

    The hoops also turn the diagrid into a very stiff triangulated shell, which provides excellent
    stability for the tower. This benefit of the diagrid means that the core does not need to resist
    wind forces and can be designed as an openplanned steel structure providing adaptable internal
    space.

    Foundation loads are also reduced compared with a building stabilised by the core.
    STRUCTURALELEVATION

    41
    DIAGRIDSYSTEM
    INTERLOCKING DETAILS
    A-frame • Aluminum coated tube steel • series
    of two-stories-high, end to end arrangement. •
    one full diamond is four-stories tall.

    There is a special connector that transfers


    loads, both vertically and horizontally at the
    “nodes” which are rigid monolithicand welded
    together.

    The diagonals are CHSmembers, with cross


    section between 508 x 40 mm at the lowest
    floors and 273 x 12.5 mm at the top, whilethe
    chord members have RHS,250 x 300 mm with
    wall thickness of 25mm. The circular central
    core, which has constant diameter along
    elevation, does not contribute to the lateral
    resistance and rigidity, being a simple frame
    structure.

    The elements of the facade.:


    Openable glass screen.
    Perforated aluminium louvers(internal
    sun-screen).
    A column casing of aluminium.
    Façade frame of extruded aluminium.

    Footers Come here @10pts Footers Come here @10pts Footers Come here @ 10pts Leave This Empty!
    43
    DIAGRIDSYSTEM
    INTERLOCKINGDETAILS

    Footers Come here @10pts Footers Come here @10pts Footers Come here @ 10pts Leave This Empty!
    44
    WIND

    • The smooth flow of wind around the building was


    one of the mainconsiderations.
    • Minimum impact on thelocal wind environment.
    • The tower is aerodynamically designed to reduce
    wind load on the structure, whilst the lower part
    tapers so that wind wraps around the tower.

    An aerodynamic
    form, reducing
    effects of wind

    AIR LATERALLOADING

    • These loads are all absorbed through the glass


    façade and eventually transferred to the diagrid.
    • The pressurized air from the wind passes into the
    building through a natural ventilation system,which
    is incorporated through a double skin.
    SHAPE

    Wind load
    The overall cylindrical shape allows for the wind
    to move around the building.
    How does this shape effect the horizontal wind
    loads?
    • Decreased buffeting
    • Reduced vibrations
    • Diminished fluttering

    CONNECTIONS

    Diagrid
    • There is a special connector that transfers
    loads, both vertically and horizontally at
    the “nodes” which are rigid monolithic
    and welded together.
    • Rigid node connections at intersecting
    members.
    Core
    • Rigid connections of steel beams and
    columns.
    Sources
    http://www.archinomy.com/case-
    studies/669/30-st-mary-axe-the-gherkin-
    london

    https://prezi.com/sxt_dfdzmijt/case-study-
    for-the-gherkin/

    http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/arch504u
    kgreenarch/casestudies/swissre1.pdf

    http://www.coopersfire.com/system/files/pri
    vate/CaseStudy_The_Gherkin.pdf

    http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/30-st-
    mary-axe/2369

    http://faculty.arch.tamu.edu/media/cms_pa
    ge_media/4433/30StMaryAxe_1.pdf

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