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Measures of Variability

The document discusses various measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and position (quartiles, deciles, percentiles) that can be calculated from data sets. It provides instructions for calculating quartiles, deciles, and percentiles. Specifically, it explains how to determine the first quartile (Q1), third quartile (Q3), first decile (D1), and 12th percentile (P12) from a frequency distribution. It also discusses measures of variability such as range, interquartile range, variance, and standard deviation.

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Eugene Embalzado Jr.
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95 views24 pages

Measures of Variability

The document discusses various measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and position (quartiles, deciles, percentiles) that can be calculated from data sets. It provides instructions for calculating quartiles, deciles, and percentiles. Specifically, it explains how to determine the first quartile (Q1), third quartile (Q3), first decile (D1), and 12th percentile (P12) from a frequency distribution. It also discusses measures of variability such as range, interquartile range, variance, and standard deviation.

Uploaded by

Eugene Embalzado Jr.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 24

Eugene H. Embalzado Jr.

, ECE
 Prepare a frequency distribution table and
compute for the mean, median and mode for
the following scores in QUAMET Quiz 1.

75 59 79 76 76 75
64 72 75 71 63 78
64 55 72 70 71 67
78 66 74 78 82 73
 Measures of position are techniques that
divide a set of data into equal groups.
 To determine the measurement of position,
the data must be sorted from lowest to
highest. The different measures of position
are:
 Quartile
 Decile
 Percentile
 The quartiles are the three values of the
variable that divide an ordered data
set into four equal parts.
 Q1, Q2 and Q3 determine the values for 25%,
50% and 75% of the data.
 Q2 coincides with the median.
 Determining Quartiles
1. Order the data from smallest to largest.
2. Find the position that occupies
the quartile using the expression ,

in the list of data.


3. a. If N is odd, round it up and get the value
of the Qk.
b. If N is even, add the adjacent value to
initial value of Qk, divide it by 2 and then the
answer is the final value of Qk,.
 Odd Number of Data
2, 5, 3, 6, 7, 4, 9
Q1 = 3, Q2 = 5, Q3 = 7
 Even Number of Data
2, 5, 3, 4, 6, 7, 1, 9
 Q1 = 2.5, Q2 = 4.5, Q3 = 6.5
 Determining Quartiles
1. Order the data from smallest to largest.
2. Find the class that occupies
every quartile using the expression ,

in the cumulative frequency tables.


3. Apply the formula:
 The deciles are the nine values of the
variable that divide an ordered data
set into ten equal parts.
 The deciles determine the values for 10%,
20%... and 90% of the data.
 D5 coincides with the median.
 Determining Deciles
1. Order the data from smallest to largest.
2. Find the position that occupies
the decile using the expression ,

in the list of data.


3. a. If N is odd, round it up and get the
value of the Dk.
b. If N is even, add 1 to Dk, divide it by 2
and then get the value.
 Odd Number of Data
2, 5, 3, 6, 7, 4, 9
D1 = 2, D5 = 5
 Even Number of Data
2, 5, 3, 4, 6, 7, 1, 9
 Determining Deciles
1. Order the data from smallest to largest.
2. Find the class that occupies
every decile using the expression ,

in the cumulative frequency tables.


3. Apply the formula:
 The percentiles are the 99 values of the
variable that divide an ordered data
set into 100 equal parts.
 The percentiles determine the values for 1%,
2%... and 99% of the data.
 P50 coincides with the median.
 Determining Percentiles
1. Order the data from smallest to largest.
2. Find the position that occupies
the percentile using the expression ,

in the list of data.


3. a. If N is odd, round it up and get the
value of the Pk.
b. If N is even, add 1 to Pk, divide it by 2
and then get the value.
 Odd Number of Data
2, 5, 3, 6, 7, 4, 9
P10 = 2, P50 = 5
 Even Number of Data
2, 5, 3, 4, 6, 7, 1, 9
 Compute D1, P12, Q1, Q3 and D9 of the
distribution given below.
Age Number of Students
11 – 20 5
21 – 30 7
31 – 40 12
41 – 50 22
51 - 60 8
61 - 70 4
71 - 80 2
 Statisticians use summary measures to
describe the amount of variability or spread
in a set of data.
 There are four frequently used measures of
variability: the range, interquartile range,
variance, and standard deviation.
 The range is simply the highest score minus
the lowest score.
 What is the range of the following group of
numbers: 10, 2, 5, 6, 7, 3, 4?
 Well, the highest number is 10, and the
lowest number is 2, so 10 - 2 = 8.
 The interquartile range (IQR) is the range of
the middle 50% of the scores in a
distribution. It is computed as follows:
 IQR = 75th percentile - 25th percentile
 Variability can also be defined in terms of
how close the scores in the distribution are
to the middle of the distribution.
 Using the mean as the measure of the middle
of the distribution, the variance is defined as
the average squared difference of the scores
from the mean.
 While range is about how much your data
covers, standard deviation has to do more
with how much difference there is between
the scores.
 If all of the scores are grouped around the
average, then your standard deviation will be
lower.
 If your scores are all over the map and not
grouped together at all, then your standard
deviation will be huge.
 Find the range, interquartile range, variance
and standard deviation of the data:
 10, 7, 19, 14, 25
 Ans. 18, 9, 51.5, 7.18
 Find the range, interquartile range, variance
and standard deviation of the data:
 Ans. 21, 5.64, 18.81, 4.34

Scores f
5-7 2
8-10 4
11-13 14
14-16 9
17-19 6
20-22 3
23-25 2
 When using standard deviation keep in mind
that:
 Standard deviation is only used to measure
spread or dispersion around the mean of a data
set.
 It is never negative
 Sensitive to outliers. A single outlier can raise the
standard deviation in turn, distort the picture of
spread.

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