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Data Communication and Networking: Benadir University

The document is an introductory chapter about data communication and networking. It defines data communication as the exchange of data between devices via transmission medium. Effective data communication depends on delivery, accuracy, timeliness and jitter. A network connects devices and can be physical structures like point-to-point or multipoint. Common network topologies are mesh, star, bus and ring. The Internet is a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks.

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71 views25 pages

Data Communication and Networking: Benadir University

The document is an introductory chapter about data communication and networking. It defines data communication as the exchange of data between devices via transmission medium. Effective data communication depends on delivery, accuracy, timeliness and jitter. A network connects devices and can be physical structures like point-to-point or multipoint. Common network topologies are mesh, star, bus and ring. The Internet is a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks.

Uploaded by

qaasim asad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

BENADIR UNIVERSITY

Cultivating human talents

Data Communication and Networking

Chapter 1
Introduction

Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Department Of EEE


Chapter 1: Introduction

Outline

Data Communications
Networks
The Internet

Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Department Of EEE 2


Data Communications
 The term telecommunication means
communication at a distance.
 The word data refers to information presented in
whatever form is agreed upon by the parties
creating and using the data.
 Data communications are the exchange of data
between two devices via some form of
transmission medium such as a wire cable.

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Data Communications
 The effectiveness of a data communications
system depends on four fundamental
characteristics:

 Delivery: The system must deliver data to the correct


destination.
 Accuracy: The system must deliver the data accurately.
 Timeliness: The system must deliver data in a timely
manner.
 Jitter: Jitter refers to the variation in the packet arrival
time.

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Data Communications
Components:
 A data communications system has five
components as shown in the figure below;

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Data Communications
Data Flow
 Communication between two devices can be simplex,
half-duplex, or full-duplex as shown in the Figure below;

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Networks
 A network is the interconnection of a set of
devices capable of communication.
 A device can be a host (or an end system as it is
sometimes called) such as a large computer,
desktop, laptop, workstation, cellular phone, or
security system.
 A device can also be a connecting device such as
a router, a switch, or a modem (modulator-
demodulator).

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Networks
Network Criteria
 Performance
 Depends on Network Elements
 Measured in terms of Delay and Throughput
 Reliability
 Failure rate of network components
 Measured in terms of availability/robustness
 Security
 Data protection against corruption/loss of data due to:
 Errors
 Malicious users

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Networks
Physical Structures
 Type of Connection
 Point to Point - single transmitter and receiver
 Multipoint - multiple recipients of single transmission

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Networks
Physical Topology
 The term physical topology refers to the way in
which a network is laid out physically.
 Two or more devices connect to a link; two or
more links form a topology.
 There are four basic topologies possible:
 Mesh
 Star
 Bus
 Ring.

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Networks
 Mesh Topology

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Networks
 Star Topology

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Networks
 Bus Topology

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Networks
 Ring Topology

Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Department Of EEE 14


Networks
Network Types:

 Local Area Network (LAN)


 Short distances
 Designed to provide local interconnectivity
 Wide Area Network (WAN)
 Long distances
 Provide connectivity over large areas
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
 Provide connectivity over areas such as a city, a campus

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Networks
 Local Area Network (LAN)

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Networks
 Wide Area Network (WAN)

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Networks
 Internetwork
 When two or more networks are connected, they
make an internetwork, or internet.
 As an example, assume that an organization has two
offices, one on the east coast and the other on the
west coast.

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Networks
 A heterogeneous network made of four WANs and
three LANs

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Networks
Switching
The two most common types of switched networks
are circuit-switched and packet-switched networks.
 Circuit-Switched Network
 In a circuit-switched network, a dedicated
connection, called a circuit, is always available
between the two end systems; the switch can only
make it active or inactive.
 In the Figure below, the four telephones at each
side are connected to a switch. The switches used
in this example have forwarding tasks but no
storing capability.

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Networks
 Circuit-Switched Network

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Networks
 Packet-Switched Network
 In a computer network, the communication between
the two ends is done in blocks of data called packets.
 In other words, instead of the continuous
communication we see between two telephone sets
when they are being used, we see the exchange of
individual data packets between the two computers.
 This allows us to make the switches function for both
storing and forwarding because a packet is an
independent entity that can be stored and sent later.

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Networks
 Packet-Switched Network

 A router in a packet-switched network has a


queue that can store and forward the packet.

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The Internet
 The Internet is composed of thousands of interconnected
networks.

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The Internet
 The figure shows the Internet as several backbones, provider
networks, and customer networks.
 At the top level, the backbones are large networks owned by
some communication companies such as Sprint, Verizon (MCI),
AT&T, and NTT.
 The backbone networks are connected through some complex
switching systems, called peering points.
 At the second level, there are smaller networks, called provider
networks, that use the services of the backbones for a fee.
 The customer networks are networks at the edge of the
Internet that actually use the services provided by the Internet.
They pay fees to provider networks for receiving services.

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