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Lesson (7.3) Part III - Logarithms

The document discusses solving logarithmic equations by using properties of logarithms, including setting the arguments of logarithms with the same base equal to each other. It provides examples of solving equations such as log(4x+10)=log3(x+1), log8(x-14)=log8(5x), and log2(x)+log2(x-2)=3. It also explains that expressions like log2(-8) are undefined because there is no power of the base (2 in this case) that results in a negative number.

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15K views

Lesson (7.3) Part III - Logarithms

The document discusses solving logarithmic equations by using properties of logarithms, including setting the arguments of logarithms with the same base equal to each other. It provides examples of solving equations such as log(4x+10)=log3(x+1), log8(x-14)=log8(5x), and log2(x)+log2(x-2)=3. It also explains that expressions like log2(-8) are undefined because there is no power of the base (2 in this case) that results in a negative number.

Uploaded by

[email protected]
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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(7.3) Part III

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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

Solving Logarithmic Equations


Property of Equality for
Logarithmic Functions
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

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If log b x = log b y, then x = y.

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Basically, with logarithmic functions,
if the bases match on both sides of the
equal sign , then simply set the
arguments equal.
Example 1
Solve: log (4x 10)  log3 (x 1)
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 03 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1

Solution:

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Since the bases are both ‘3’ we simply set the

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arguments equal. Then, check our answer for
any extraneous roots.

4x 10  x 1 Check:
3x 10  1 4(-3) + 10 = -2
3x   9 Since you cannot
x3 have a negative
argument, there is no
solution.
Example 3
log8 (x 14)  log8 (5x)
2
Solve:
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

Solution:

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2
Since the bases are both ‘b’ we simply set the

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arguments equal. Then, check our answer for
any extraneous roots.
Check:
x 14  5x
2

x  5x 14  0
2
(7)2 - 14 = 35 

(x  7)(x  2)  0 (-2)2 - 14 = -10 

(x  7)  0 or (x  2)  0
x  7 or x  2
Example 4
Solve 2log (x) = log 4 + logb(x – 1).
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0b0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1b1

Solution: All of these logs have the same base, but I can't
solve yet, because I don't have "log equals log". So

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first I'll have to apply logarithm properties.

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2logb(x) = logb4 + logb(x – 1)

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logb(x2) = logb4(x – 1))
logb(x2) = logb(4x – 4)
Check:
Then:
x2 = 4x – 4 Only need to
x2 – 4x + 4 = 0 check for x – 1
(x – 2)(x – 2) = 0
x=2 2-1=1 
Recall log2(x) = 4.
Example 5 24 = x
Solve log (x) + log (x – 2) = 3. 16 = x
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 12 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 21 0 1 1

Solution: I'll need to use log rules to combine terms


on the left-hand side.

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log2 x(x – 2) = 3
log2 (x2 – 2x) = 3 Then use the definition logb x = y,

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where b = 2, x = (x 2
– 2x), y = 3.
2 = x – 2x
3 2

Check:
Then:
0 = x2 – 2x – 8 For log2(x), x = 4 
0 = (x – 4)(x + 2) For log2(x – 2), 4 – 2 = 2 
x = 4, –2
For log2(x), x = – 2 
Our final concern then is to
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011
determine why logarithms like the
one below are undefined.

log 2 ( 8) 1
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log 2 (8)  undefined WHY?
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

log 2 (8)  y First, we write the problem with a


variable.

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2 8
y Now take it out of the logarithmic form
and write it in exponential form.

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What power of 2 would gives us -8 ?

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2  8 and 2 
3 3

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Expressions of this type are undefined.
Classwork
0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011

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