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    Recall Ipv4 Datagram Format: It7/Acn/Agk Department of Information Technology, Tist

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    ag_krish
    The document discusses IPv4 datagram format and error handling. It explains that IPv4 uses a header checksum to detect transmission errors and a Time to Live field to prevent packets from circulating forever. When a checksum error is detected, the datagram is discarded without further processing. ICMP is used to report errors back to the original source. ICMP has message types for reporting errors and obtaining information, with all messages containing type, code and checksum fields. ICMP messages are encapsulated in IP datagrams and forwarded like regular traffic.

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    Recall Ipv4 Datagram Format: It7/Acn/Agk Department of Information Technology, Tist

    Uploaded by

    ag_krish
    29 views13 pages
    The document discusses IPv4 datagram format and error handling. It explains that IPv4 uses a header checksum to detect transmission errors and a Time to Live field to prevent packets from circulating forever. When a checksum error is detected, the datagram is discarded without further processing. ICMP is used to report errors back to the original source. ICMP has message types for reporting errors and obtaining information, with all messages containing type, code and checksum fields. ICMP messages are encapsulated in IP datagrams and forwarded like regular traffic.

    Original Description:

    Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

    Original Title

    ICMP

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    The document discusses IPv4 datagram format and error handling. It explains that IPv4 uses a header checksum to detect transmission errors and a Time to Live field to prevent packets from circulating forever. When a checksum error is detected, the datagram is discarded without further processing. ICMP is used to report errors back to the original source. ICMP has message types for reporting errors and obtaining information, with all messages containing type, code and checksum fields. ICMP messages are encapsulated in IP datagrams and forwarded like regular traffic.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    29 views13 pages

    Recall Ipv4 Datagram Format: It7/Acn/Agk Department of Information Technology, Tist

    Uploaded by

    ag_krish
    The document discusses IPv4 datagram format and error handling. It explains that IPv4 uses a header checksum to detect transmission errors and a Time to Live field to prevent packets from circulating forever. When a checksum error is detected, the datagram is discarded without further processing. ICMP is used to report errors back to the original source. ICMP has message types for reporting errors and obtaining information, with all messages containing type, code and checksum fields. ICMP messages are encapsulated in IP datagrams and forwarded like regular traffic.

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    You are on page 1of 13

    Recall IPv4 Datagram Format

    Department of Information Technology, TIST IT7/ACN/AGK


    IP Errors
    • Header checksum is used to detect
    transmission errors
    – When a host creates an IP datagram
    • the host includes a checksum that covers
    the entire header
    – Whenever a datagram is received
    • the checksum is verified to ensure that the
    header arrived intact
    • The IP header contains a TIME TO LIVE
    field used to prevent a datagram from
    circulating forever

    Department of Information Technology, TIST IT7/ACN/AGK


    IP Errors

    • The response to a checksum error:


    – Datagram is discarded immediately
    without more processing
    – The receiver cannot trust any fields in
    the datagram header
    – The receiver cannot send an error
    message back to the sender

    Department of Information Technology, TIST IT7/ACN/AGK


    Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
    • IP includes a companion protocol,
    ICMP
    – It is used to report errors back to the
    original source
    • IP and ICMP are co-dependent
    – IP depends on ICMP to report errors
    – and ICMP uses IP to carry error
    messages

    Department of Information Technology, TIST IT7/ACN/AGK


    Error Reporting with ICMP
    • When a datagram causes an error,
    ICMP can only report the error
    condition back to the original
    source of the datagram.
    • the source must relate the error to
    an individual application program
    or take other action to correct the
    problem.

    Department of Information Technology, TIST IT7/ACN/AGK


    ICMP Message Format
    • Each ICMP message has its own
    format,
    – All begin with the same three fields:
    • TYPE field (8-bit)
    – identifies the message, an 8-bit
    • CODE field (8-bit)
    – provides further information about the
    message type
    • CHECKSUM field (16 bits).
    Department of Information Technology, TIST IT7/ACN/AGK
    ICMP Messages with the message number and purpose

    7
    Department of Information Technology, TIST IT7/ACN/AGK
    Echo Request And Reply Message Format

    Department of Information Technology, TIST IT7/ACN/AGK


    Reports Of Unreachable Destinations

    Department of Information Technology, TIST IT7/ACN/AGK


    Department of Information Technology, TIST IT7/ACN/AGK
    Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
    • ICMP contains two message types:
    – messages used to report errors
    – messages used to obtain information
    • example
    – Time Exceeded and Destination
    Unreachable are for reporting errors
    – Echo Request and Echo Reply do not
    correspond to an error
    • used by the ping application to test
    connectivity

    Department of Information Technology, TIST IT7/ACN/AGK


    ICMP Message Format and Encapsulation
    • ICMP uses IP to transport each error message:

    Department of Information Technology, TIST IT7/ACN/AGK


    ICMP Message Format and Encapsulation

    • ICMP messages do not have special


    priority
    – They are forwarded like any other
    datagram, with one minor exception
    • If an ICMP error message causes an
    error
    – no error message is sent

    Department of Information Technology, TIST IT7/ACN/AGK

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