AGRARIAN REFORM

By: Johnine Sumaoang

 AGRARIAN REFORM
• Is a redistribution of lands,
regardless of crops or fruits
produced, to farmers and regular
farm workers who are landless,
irrespective of tenurial arrangement
to include the totality of factors and
support services designed to lift the
economic status of the beneficiaries.
 LAND REFORM
• Is an integrated set of measures
designed to eliminate obstacles to
economic and social development
arising out of defects in the agrarian
structure.
 ASPECTS OF AGRARIAN
REFORM
ECONOMIC ASPECT
• The position of agriculture in national
economy.
• The economy relies heavily on the
agriculture sector.
• Large portion of the total working
population is employed in agriculture
and a large percentage contribution
of the GDP.
• One method of motivating the farmers
to increase their production is to make
them own the land they till to free them
free the control of the landlords.
• Agrarian reform was strengthen to
create an economic environment that
will encourage farmers to produce more
and market more of what they produce.
 ASPECTS OF AGRARIAN
REFORM
SOCIO CULTURAL ASPECT
a. A change from self subsistent
mindset to one of surplus of selling.
- The farmers started putting all their
efforts in the farm because they
own the land.
b. Social order
- The farmers became more concern of
the need to maintain peace and
stability within the community so
that they could continuously enjoy
the increased benefits in the farm.
c. Farmers became more active in
practicing leadership roles.
- After the land reform, farmers began
forming associations and stood equal
footing with their erstwhile landlords
in social gatherings and club
meetings.
d. As the land reform enhanced
agricultural productivity and
increased net family incomes, the
farmers were able to send their
children in school.
e. Agrarian reform promoted modern
outlook among farmers which include
receptiveness and modern family
planning programs and also
awareness of the economic
alternatives in the urban and
industrial sector.
RELIGIOUS ASPECT:
- The Filipino masses are longing for
the possession of land and it resulted
into multiple revolts.
- Filipinos rarely found any help and
support from the church.
- That’s why church became the
enemy of land reform.
OBJECTIVES OF LAND REFORM
• The main objective was to put an end to
conflicts pertaining to land ownership.
• Bringing stability in the political set up of
the country.
• Bringing equality in terms of opportunities,
income as well as wealth.
• Facilitate agrarian reform activities like land
acquisition, land distribution, land
management, and encouraging the growth
of feasible agrarian communities.
 COMPREHENSIVE AGRARIAN
REFORM (CARP)
• Republic Act 6657 is a redistribution of
public and private agricultural lands to
farmers and farm workers who are
landless, irrespective of tenurial
arrangement.
• CARP’s vision is to have an equitable
land ownership with empowered
agrarian reform beneficiaries who can
effectively manage their economic and
social development to have a better
quality of life.
 COMPREHENSIVE AGRARIAN
REFORM (CARP)
• The legal basis of CARP is the Republic
Act No. 6657 or Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Law (CARL).
• Signed by President Corazon C. Aquino
on June 10 1988.
• It is an act which aims to promote
social justice and industrialization,
providing the mechanism for its
implementation, and for other
purposes.
 COVERAGE OF CARP
• Government owned lands devoted to or
suitable for agriculture.
• Alienable and disposable lands of the public
domain devoted or suitable for agriculture.
• Public domain lands in excess of the specific
limits as determined by congress.
• Private lands devoted or suitable for
agriculture regardless of the agricultural
products raised or that can be raised
thereon.
 HISTORY
• The Philippines, even before being
colonized by different countries, already
have developed an organization for
their communities.
• The land owned by the communities is
known as the barangay.
• In these barangays, everyone
regardless of status had access on the
land and mutually shares resources to
the rest of the community.
 HISTORY
• They believed in and practiced the
concept “STEWARDSHIP” where
relationship between man and nature is
important.
• BARTER TRADE- exchanging their
goods to others.
• MARAGTAS CODE- selling of the Panay
Island to the 10 Bornean datus in
exchange for golden salakot and a long
gold necklace.
 HISTORY
• When the Spanish came they
introduced “PUEBLO” an agriculture
system wherein native rural
communities were organized into
pueblo and each pueblo and each
Christianized native family is given
4-5 hectares of land to cultivate.
• These native families are merely
landholders and not landowners.
 HISTORY
• The land assigned to them was the
property of the Spanish King where
they pay their colonial tributes to the
Spanish authorities in form of
agricultural products that they produce.
• Americans sought to put an end to the
miserable conditions of the tenants by
passing several land policies to
distribute land ownership among the
Filipino tenants and farmers.
 HISTORY
• During the Japanese occupation,
peasants and workers organized
HUKBALAHAP (Hukbong Bayan Laban
sa mga Hapon) as an anti Japanese
group. They took over vast tracts of
land and gave the land to the people.
 HISTORY
MANUEL L. QUEZON
- Passed RA 4054 or the Rice Tenancy
Law.
- First law on crop sharing legalized
the 50-50 share of landlord and the
tenant with corresponding support to
the tenants protecting them against
abuses of the landlords.
 HISTORY
MANUEL ROXAS- Republic Act No. 34
- Enacted to establish a 70-30 sharing
arrangement between tenant and
landlord.
- The 70% of the harvest will go to the
person who shouldered the expenses
for planting and for the work of the
animals.
- It reduced the interest of landowners’
loans to tenants at not more than 6%.
 HISTORY
ELPIDIO QUIRINO- Executive order
No. 355
- Land Settlement Development
Corporation (LASEDECO).
- Was established to accelerate and
expand the peasant resettlement
program of the government.
- Due to limited post war resources,
the program was not successful.
 HISTORY
RAMON MAGSAYSAY
- He realized the importance of land
reform program.
- He convinced the elite controlled
congress to pass several legislation
to improve land reform situation in
the country.
 HISTORY
DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL- Agriculture
Land Reform Code or RA No. 3844.
- This was considered to be the most
comprehensive piece of agrarian
reform legislation ever enacted in the
country.
- “Father of Agrarian Reform”
 HISTORY
FERDINAND MARCOS- Code of
Agrarian Reforms or RA No. 6389
and its companion bill RA No. 6390.
- Implementation of the agrarian
reform in the Philippines.
 HISTORY
FIDEL RAMOS- Magkabalikat Para sa
kaunlarang Agraryo (MAGKASAKA)
- Directed for the investos to bring
capital, technology and management
support while farmers will contribute
the use of their land.
 HISTORY
• GLORIA ARROYO- BAYAN- ANIHAN
- Bayan means people and Anihan
means harvest and Bayanihan means
working together.
- This means united people working
together for the successful
implementation of agrarian reform.
 HISTORY
BENIGNO AQUINO III
- The DAR is the lead agency of CARP
implementation is bent on sustaining
the gains of agrarian reform through
its 3 major components:
- Land Tenure Improvement (LTI)
- Program Beneficiaries Development
(PBD)
- Agrarian Justice Delivery (AJD)
 LAND REFORM LAWS AND
ACTS
I. Land Reform Act of 1955 (RA 1400)
- An act defining a land tenure policy
providing for an instrumentality to
carry out the policy and
appropriating funds for its
implementation.
 LAND REFORM LAWS AND
ACTS
II. Revised Agricultural Land Reform
Code (RA 6389)
- An act amending Republic Act 3844,
as amended otherwise known as the
Agricultural Code and for other
purposes.
 LAND REFORM LAWS AND
ACTS
III. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Law
- An act instituting a comprehensive
agrarian reform program to promote
social justice and industrialization,
providing the mechanism for its
implementation and other purposes.