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MAK4041-Mechanical Vibrations: Important Notes

This document provides an overview and introduction to mechanical vibrations for the course MAK4041-Mechanical Vibrations. It notes that the course material was compiled from key textbooks and references. It then provides a high-level week 1 introduction that defines vibration, discusses useful and harmful vibration, vibration parameters like spring-mass-damper models, and free and forced vibration including the concept of resonance. It also briefly discusses modeling approaches and key vibration concepts like degrees of freedom, elastic elements, moment of inertia, and damping.

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668 views20 pages

MAK4041-Mechanical Vibrations: Important Notes

This document provides an overview and introduction to mechanical vibrations for the course MAK4041-Mechanical Vibrations. It notes that the course material was compiled from key textbooks and references. It then provides a high-level week 1 introduction that defines vibration, discusses useful and harmful vibration, vibration parameters like spring-mass-damper models, and free and forced vibration including the concept of resonance. It also briefly discusses modeling approaches and key vibration concepts like degrees of freedom, elastic elements, moment of inertia, and damping.

Uploaded by

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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MAK4041-Mechanical Vibrations

Important Notes:
The course notes were compiled
mostly from
1) The book by Graham Kelly,
“Mechanical Vibrations,
Theory and Applications”,
2012.
2) Bruel Kjaer Technical notes,
3) Dan Russel’s webpage:
http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell

Therefore, they are gratefully


acknowledged.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdullah Seçgin


WEEK-1:
Introduction to Mechanical Vibrations
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdullah Seçgin
What is vibration?
 Vibrations are oscillations of a system about
an equilbrium position.
Vibration…

It is also an
everyday
phenomenon we
meet on
everyday life
Vibration …
Useful Vibration Harmful vibration
Compressor
Noise
Testing

Destruction

Wear
Ultrasonic
cleaning

Fatigue
Vibration parameters
All mechanical systems
can be modeled by
containing three basic
components:
spring, damper, mass

When these components are subjected to constant force,


they react with a constant
displacement, velocity and acceleration
Free vibration
 When a system is initially disturbed by a displacement,
velocity or acceleration, the system begins to vibrate with
a constant amplitude and frequency depend on its
stiffness and mass.
 This frequency is called as natural frequency, and the
form of the vibration is called as mode shapes

Equilibrium pos.
Forced Vibration
If an external force applied to a
system, the system will follow the
force with the same frequency.
However, when the force
frequency is increased to the
’ system’s natural frequency,
amplitudes will dangerously
increase in this region. This
phenomenon called as
“Resonance”
Watch these …

Bridge collapse:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-zczJXSxnw
Hellicopter resonance:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FeXjhUEXlc
Resonance vibration test:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LV_UuzEznHs
Flutter (Aeordynamically induced vibration) :
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OhwLojNerMU
Modelling of vibrating systems
Lumped (Rigid) Modelling Numerical Modelling

Element-based
methods
(FEM, BEM)

Statistical and Energy-


based methods
(SEA, EFA, etc.)
Degree of Freedom (DOF)
• Mathematical modeling of a physical system requires the
selection of a set of variables that describes the behavior
of the system.

• The number of degrees of freedom for a system is the


number of kinematically independent variables necessary
to completely describe the motion of every particle in the
system
DOF=1 DOF=2
Single degree of freedom (SDOF) Multi degree of freedom (MDOF)
Equivalent model of systems
Example 1: Example 2:

SDOF MDOF
DOF=1 DOF=2
Equivalent model of systems
MDOF
Example 3:
DOF= 3 if body 1 has no rotation
SDOF DOF=2 DOF= 4 if body 1 has rotation

body 1
What are their DOFs?
SDOF systems
 Helical springs Shear stress:

Stiffness coefficient:

F: Force, D: Diameter, G: Shear modulus of the rod,


N: Number of turns, r : Radius

 Springs in combinations:
Parallel combination Series combination
Elastic elements as springs
Moment of Inertia
What are the equivalent stiffnesses?
Example
 A 200-kg machine is attached to the end of a cantilever beam of length L=
2.5 m, elastic modulus E= 200x109 N/m2, and cross-sectional moment of
inertia I = 1.8x10–6 m4. Assuming the mass of the beam is small compared to
the mass of the machine, what is the stiffness of the beam?
Damping
 Viscous Damping

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