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    Verlogic2 Chapter1

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    Huyen Phan
    Integrated circuits are manufactured on silicon wafers that are cut into individual chips and placed in packages. Designers must choose standard chips that perform needed functions and define how they are interconnected, or design circuits that use multiple chips on a printed circuit board. There are three main types of chips: standard, programmable logic devices, and custom chips. Programmable logic devices allow designing specific applications by configuring programmable switches and can be reprogrammed, while custom chips are optimized for specific tasks but have a higher production cost.

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    Verlogic2 Chapter1

    Uploaded by

    Huyen Phan
    14 views13 pages
    Integrated circuits are manufactured on silicon wafers that are cut into individual chips and placed in packages. Designers must choose standard chips that perform needed functions and define how they are interconnected, or design circuits that use multiple chips on a printed circuit board. There are three main types of chips: standard, programmable logic devices, and custom chips. Programmable logic devices allow designing specific applications by configuring programmable switches and can be reprogrammed, while custom chips are optimized for specific tasks but have a higher production cost.

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    Integrated circuits are manufactured on silicon wafers that are cut into individual chips and placed in packages. Designers must choose standard chips that perform needed functions and define how they are interconnected, or design circuits that use multiple chips on a printed circuit board. There are three main types of chips: standard, programmable logic devices, and custom chips. Programmable logic devices allow designing specific applications by configuring programmable switches and can be reprogrammed, while custom chips are optimized for specific tasks but have a higher production cost.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    14 views13 pages

    Verlogic2 Chapter1

    Uploaded by

    Huyen Phan
    Integrated circuits are manufactured on silicon wafers that are cut into individual chips and placed in packages. Designers must choose standard chips that perform needed functions and define how they are interconnected, or design circuits that use multiple chips on a printed circuit board. There are three main types of chips: standard, programmable logic devices, and custom chips. Programmable logic devices allow designing specific applications by configuring programmable switches and can be reprogrammed, while custom chips are optimized for specific tasks but have a higher production cost.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Integrated circuits are manufactured on a silicon wafer.

    The wafer is cut to produce individual chips. They are then


    placed inside a special type of chip package.
    Moore’s law: Doubling the number of transistors that could be
    placed on a chip every 1.5 to 2 years

    A sample of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors.

    Designer may be faced with designing logic circuits that can be


    implemented on a single chips OR designing circuits that involve a
    number of chips placed on a printed circuit board (PCB).
    Different types of Integrated Circuit Chips:

     Large variety of chips that implement various functions that are


    useful in the design of digital hardware
     The chips range from very simple ones with low functionality to
    extremely complex chips
     Eg. A digital hardware product may require a P to perform
    some arithmetic operations, memory chips to provide storage
    capability, and interface chips that allow easy connection to input
    and output devices
     Three main types of chips:
     Standard chips
     Programmable logic devices
     Custom chips
    Standard Chips:

     It is popular in the early 1980s


    They usually conform to an agreed-upon standard in terms of
    functionality and physical configuration
     Each SC contains a small amount of circuitry (fewer than 100 T)
     Designer chooses the chips that perform needed functions and
    defines how these chips should be interconnected to realize a larger
    logic circuit

     Today, it became inefficient to use valuable space on PCBs for


    chips with low functionality
     Another drawback of standard chips is the functionality of each
    chip is fixed
    Programmable Logic Devices

    Group of 8 logic cells Memory block


    - General structure
    - Include collection of
    programmable switches
    - Design specific applications
    by the configured switches
    - Ability of programming
    multiple times allows making
    corrections, prototypes
    - Widely used today

    Interconnection
    wires

    A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chip


    Custom-Designed Chips:

     PLDs drawback: Consume valuable chip area and limit the


    operation speed
     Sometimes, it does not meet the designed performance and/or
    cost objectives
     Solution: the logic circuitry that must be included on the chip is
    designed first, then an appropriate technology is chosen to
    implement the chip. Finally the chip is manufactured by a company
    that has fabrication facilities
     It is named as custom design to produce custom chips
     Main advantage: design can be optimized for specific task
    which usually leads to better performance
     A single chip can be used instead of multiple chips to achieve
    the same goal, then a smaller area is needed on a PCB.
     The cost in producing such chip is high but will be costly
    effective if manufacturing in large quantities.
    Be difficult to automate,
    require design experiences

    CAD tools used to simulate product behaviors, to


    determine if the obtained design meets required specs.

    The development process.


    Design concept

    Initial design

    Simulation Redesign

    No
    Design correct?

    Yes

    Successful design

    The basic design loop of digital hardware


    A digital hardware system .
    A printed circuit board.
    Done by the basic design flow

    Even functional behavior is


    correct, the realized circuit may
    not operate properly. Thus need to
    implement functional simulation
    & timing simulation separately

    Design flow for logic circuits.


    Implementation

    Build prototype

    Testing Modify prototype

    Yes

    No
    Correct? Minor errors?

    Yes No

    Finished PCB Go to A, B, C, or D in Figure 1.7

    Completion of PCB development.


    Logic Circuit Designs:

     Mainly use: CPLDs and FPGAs


     To gain deeper understanding of logic circuits, one should
    implement examples using CAD tools
     Tools: Altera, Cadence, Mentor Graphics, Synopsys, Synplicity,
    Xilinx
     In this course: Altera’s Quartus II CAD system

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