University of Salahaddin- Hawler
College of Engineering
Petroleum and Chemical Department
Engineering Drawing and Descriptive
by: Hardi Abdallah Muhammed
M.Sc. ME/ Thermal Power.
Lecture Fifteen : Sectional Views Sunday, April 22, 2018
Orthographic Projection: Sectional Views
Section Views
When a part has a lot of interior details, hidden lines can make the part hard to understand and dimension. To see
the interior of these parts, we cut some of the part away. This allows for details to be seen clearly, as well as,
giving us alternative locations to properly dimension the part.
The object Conventional hidden line technique The object cut Section technique
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Orthographic Projection: Sectional Views
Section Views
Orthographic Projection: Sectional Views
Sectional Views
• Types of Sectional Views
Half
Full
Offset
Removed
Revolved
Broken-out
Aligned
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Orthographic Projection: Sectional Views
Half Section
In a half section, one quarter of the part is
cut away. This is done with symmetrical
parts where you would like to show the
outside, as well as, the inside details.
Notice how the cutting plane line runs
through the center of the part and
there is no arrow head.
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Orthographic Projection: Sectional Views
Full Section
A full section is a view
Section lines called Hatch lines are used to show where the
that shows what the part is solid. This helps to see the detail that would be
normally blocked and only shown as hidden lines.
object looks like if it
were cut in half.
A cutting plane line is used to indicate how the front
view was cut. It is also labeled in case another section
is necessary. The arrows should point in the line of sight
as you are looking straight on at the section.
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Orthographic Projection: Sectional Views
Offset Section
• Interior features not in line
with each other can be
shown in an offset section
view.
• Note how the cutting plane
line changes and follows the
center of each feature.
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Orthographic Projection: Sectional Views
Revolved Sections Not Broken Away Revolved Section
Used when an object has a
constant shape throughout the Section is revolved
length that cannot be illustrated in 90 degrees
an external view.
The section is revolved 90
degrees. It may be represented
one of two ways, either broken
away or not.
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Orthographic Projection: Sectional Views
Revolved Sections Not Broken Away Revolved Section
Used when an object has a
constant shape throughout the Section is revolved
length that cannot be illustrated in 90 degrees
an external view.
The section is revolved 90
degrees. It may be represented
one of two ways, either broken
away or not.
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Orthographic Projection: Sectional Views
Revolved Sections
Broken Away Revolved Section
Section is revolved
90 degrees and broken
away from part
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Orthographic Projection: Sectional Views
Broken-out Section Views
A small portion of an object may be broken away to clarify an interior surface or feature. No
cutting plane line is used.
Section exposes
the interior surfaces
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Orthographic Projection: Sectional Views
Removed Sections
A cutting plane is placed through the part where the section is taken. The removed sections are
not aligned with the view. Placement is in the surrounding area.
Sections are not aligned
with the view.
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Orthographic Projection: Sectional Views
Aligned Section Views View is projected
90 degrees from the cutting
plane and is in
A true projection of a part with inclined ribs,
alignment to the original view.
spokes, and arms will be foreshortened. An
aligned section view is recommended to acquire
accurate dimensions of the part. The cutting
plane is bent at an angle as it passes through the
object. The section view is then projected 90
degrees from the cutting plane and is in Cutting plane is
bent at an angle
alignment to the original view.
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Orthographic Projection: Sectional Views
Sectioning lining symbols
Sectioning lining symbols can be
used to indicate specific materials.
These symbols represent general
material types.
Because there are so many
different types of materials the
general purpose cast iron symbol
can be used for all materials.
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Orthographic Projection: Sectional Views
Sectioning lining symbols
The correct method of drawing section lines is shown in figure (a). Section lines are drawn thin and at an
angle of 45 degrees unless there is some advantage in using a different angle. Section lines are spaced evenly
approximately 1/16” to 1/8” or more depending on the sectioned area. As a rule, are spaced generously as
possible and yet close enough to distinguish clearly the sectioned area.
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Webs in Sections: Ribs in Sections:
In the example the cutting plane passes through To avoid a false impression of thickness and solidity, ribs,
the vertical webs but the webs are not section webs, gear teeth, and other similar flat features are not section
lined. lined even though the cutting plane passes through the feature.
In the example the cutting plane A-A passes through the
vertical rib or web but the rib or web is not section lined
(figure a).
Figure (b) is incorrect because it gives a false impression of
thickness or solidity.
End
Questions ?
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