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Ellipses

An ellipse is defined as the set of all points where the sum of the distances from two fixed points (foci) is a constant. The standard equation of an ellipse is given by (x-h)2/a2 + (y-k)2/b2 = 1, where the center is at (h,k) and the lengths of the semi-major and semi-minor axes are a and b, respectively. Given properties like the foci, vertices, or endpoints of the minor axis, one can derive the standard equation of the ellipse.

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265 views8 pages

Ellipses

An ellipse is defined as the set of all points where the sum of the distances from two fixed points (foci) is a constant. The standard equation of an ellipse is given by (x-h)2/a2 + (y-k)2/b2 = 1, where the center is at (h,k) and the lengths of the semi-major and semi-minor axes are a and b, respectively. Given properties like the foci, vertices, or endpoints of the minor axis, one can derive the standard equation of the ellipse.

Uploaded by

Jonnifer Quiros
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ELLIPSES

Learning Objectives
1. define an ellipse
2. determine the equation of an ellipse in standard form
3. sketch an ellipse in a rectangular coordinate system
Ellipses
locus of all points in the plane the sum of whose distances
from two fixed points F and F‘ is a constant

foci
Standard Equation of an Ellipse
Let a > c > 0 and b = a2 − c 2 . With center at the origin.

1. foci at F(c, 0) and F'(-c, 0) x2 y2


2
+ 2=1
vertices at V(a, 0) and V'(-a, 0) a b

2. foci at F(0, c) and F'(0, -c) y2 x2


+ 2=1
vertices at V(0, a) and V'(0, -a) a 2 b
1. Sketch the following ellipse, x2 y2
showing its vertices and foci: + =1
25 16
Since 25 > 16, a=5 and b=4.
So c = a2 − b 2 = 25 − 16 = 3
F(±3,0)
V(±5,0)

2. Find an equation of the ellipse whose center is at the origin


and with foci at (±5, 0) and vertices at (±7, 0).

c = 5 and a = 7, so b = 49 − 25 = 24
𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
+ =𝟏
𝟒𝟗 𝟐𝟒
Equation of an Ellipse in Standard Form
Let a > c > 0 and b = a2 − c 2 . With center C(h,k).

1. foci at F(h+c, k) and F'(h-c, k)


vertices at V(h+a, k) and V'(h-a, k)
(𝐱 − 𝐡)𝟐 (𝐲 − 𝐤)𝟐
𝟐
+ 𝟐
=𝟏
𝐚 𝐛
2. foci at F(h, k+c) and F'(h, k-c)
vertices at V(h, k+a) and V'(h, k-a)
(𝐲 − 𝐤)𝟐 (𝐱 − 𝐡)𝟐
𝟐
+ 𝟐
=𝟏
𝐚 𝐛
Sketch the ellipse, showing the center, foci, vertices, and the
endpoints of the minor axis: 25 x − 2 2 + 9 y + 4 2 = 900

Transform into standard form


(𝐱 − 𝟐)𝟐 (𝐲 + 𝟒)𝟐
+ =𝟏
𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟎𝟎

C(2,-4) a = 10 b=6
c = 100 − 36 = 8

F(2, -4±8) V(2, -4±10)


Endpoints of minor axis: (2±6, -4)
Find an equation of the ellipse:
1. having V(-3, -4) and V’(7, -4) and minor axis length of 4.
C(2, -4) using the midpoint formula
a = 5 y = -4 b = 2
(𝐱−𝟐)𝟐 (𝐲+𝟒)𝟐
+ =𝟏
𝟐𝟓 𝟒

2. C(2, 7), F(2, 10), and endpoint of its minor axis at (4, 7).
c = | 7 – 10 | = 3 b=|2–4|=2
a2 = b2 + c 2 = 4 + 9 = 13
(𝐱−𝟐)𝟐 (𝐲−𝟕)𝟐
+ =𝟏
𝟒 𝟏𝟑

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