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Introduction To Programming

Operator overloading allows operators like + and - to be used with user-defined types like classes. To overload an operator, a member function is defined with the same name as the operator, along with appropriate arguments. For example, to overload + for a Complex class, a Complex operator+(Complex &) function would be defined to add two complex numbers. Overloaded operators allow user-defined types to be used in expressions and code in the same way as built-in types like integers.

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41 views34 pages

Introduction To Programming

Operator overloading allows operators like + and - to be used with user-defined types like classes. To overload an operator, a member function is defined with the same name as the operator, along with appropriate arguments. For example, to overload + for a Complex class, a Complex operator+(Complex &) function would be defined to add two complex numbers. Overloaded operators allow user-defined types to be used in expressions and code in the same way as built-in types like integers.

Uploaded by

Abdul Hannan Sohail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Programming

Lecture 31
Operator
Overloading
Today’s Lecture
– Operators
– Syntax for overloading
operators
– How to overload operators ?
Complex
Number
complex c1 , c2 , x ;
x = cadd ( c1 , c2 ) ;
x = cadd ( cadd ( a , b ) , c ) ;

Operators
The complete list of C++ operators that are
overloaded is as follows
+ - * / % ^ &
| ~ ! = < > +=
-= *= /= %= ^= &= |=
<< >> >>= <<= = = != <=
>= && | | ++ - - -> * ,
-> [ ] ( ) new new[ ] delete delete
[]
a+b
Date.day
Example
Return_type operator + (Argument_List)
{
// Body of function
}
a*b+c;
x=y+z;
Example
class Complex
{
private :
double real ;
double imag ;
public :
// member function
}
Example
Complex c1 , c2 ;
c1 = c2 ;

Is equivalent to

c1.real = c2.real ;
c1.imag = c2.imag ;
Complex operator + ( Argument_ list ) ;
Example
Complex Complex :: operator + ( Complex c )
{
Complex temp ;
temp.real = real + c.real ;
temp.imag = imag + c.imag ;
return temp ;
}
Complex x , y , z ;
z=x+y;
z=x+d;
Complex Complex Double
Number Number Precision
Number
Complex operator + ( double d ) ;
z=x+y;
z=x+d;
Example
Complex Complex :: operator + ( Complex c )
{
Complex temp ;
temp.real = real + d ;
temp.imag = imag ;
return temp ;
}
z=d+x;
Complex Complex
Number Double
Precision Number
Number
Friend
Function
User Defined
Data types
<<
Example
main ( )
{
Complex c1 ( 1 , 2 ) , c2 ( 3 , 4 ) , c3 ;
c3 = c1 + c2 ;
c1.display ( ) ;
c2.display ( ) ;
c3.display ( ) ;
}
Complex operator + ( Complex & c ) ;

C is a reference to a
complex number
i += 2 ;
i=i+2;
c1 += c2 ;
Example

Complex operator += ( Complex & c )


Example
Complex Complex :: operator += ( Complex & c )
{
real += c.real ;
imag += c.imag ;
}
Example
Complex operator + ( Complex & c1 , Complex & c2 )
{
Complex temp ;
temp.real = c1.getreal ( ) + c2.getreal ( ) ;
temp.imag = c1.getimag ( ) + c2.getimag ( ) ;
return temp ;
}
class String
Example
{
private :

char s [ 30 ] ;

public :

String ( )
{
strcpy ( s , "" ) ;
}

// Declaration (prototype) of overloaded sum operator

String operator + ( String c ) ;


};
Example
String String :: operator + ( String c )
{
String temp ;
strcpy ( temp.s , "" ) ;
strcat ( temp.s , s ) ;
strcat ( temp.s , c.s ) ;
return temp ;
}

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