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    AC Power Quality and Standards

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    Chetan Kotwal
    This document discusses global AC power requirements and standards. It provides information on voltage, frequency, and plug standards in different countries. It also summarizes key standards organizations that create power quality standards, such as IEEE, IEC, NEMA, NFPA, and military standards. Finally, it includes tables with information on wire gauges and their current carrying capacities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    AC Power Quality and Standards

    Uploaded by

    Chetan Kotwal
    85 views13 pages
    This document discusses global AC power requirements and standards. It provides information on voltage, frequency, and plug standards in different countries. It also summarizes key standards organizations that create power quality standards, such as IEEE, IEC, NEMA, NFPA, and military standards. Finally, it includes tables with information on wire gauges and their current carrying capacities.

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    This document discusses global AC power requirements and standards. It provides information on voltage, frequency, and plug standards in different countries. It also summarizes key standards organizations that create power quality standards, such as IEEE, IEC, NEMA, NFPA, and military standards. Finally, it includes tables with information on wire gauges and their current carrying capacities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    85 views13 pages

    AC Power Quality and Standards

    Uploaded by

    Chetan Kotwal
    This document discusses global AC power requirements and standards. It provides information on voltage, frequency, and plug standards in different countries. It also summarizes key standards organizations that create power quality standards, such as IEEE, IEC, NEMA, NFPA, and military standards. Finally, it includes tables with information on wire gauges and their current carrying capacities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    318-595

    Introduction to Global AC Power

    50 Hz, 220-240 V

    50 Hz, 220-240 V
    60 Hz, 120 V

    50/60 Hz, 100V

    50 Hz, 220-240 V
    60 Hz, 110/220 V

    60 Hz, 110/220 V
    318-595
    Global Power Input Requirements

    Know the Market your product is Intended to Serve !

    • Min Voltage Variation = Nominal +10%/-15%


    • Min Global Voltage Range: 85 – 264 VAC Note: Many products relax to 100 – 240VAC

    • Min Frequency Variation = Nominal +/- 3 Hz


    • Min Global Frequency Range: 47-53Hz, 57-63 Hz Note: Many products use 47-63 Hz

    • Plug versions to cover Types A-M

    For complete global listing see World Wide Electricity Reference document
    318-595
    COUNTRY VOLTAGE FREQUENCY PLUG COMMENTS

    * A UN correspondent reports C and F common in Kabul, but its likely a variety of plugs may
    Afghanistan 220V 50 Hz C&F* be used around the country. Some sources report Type D also in use.

    Albania 220V* 50 Hz C&F *Voltage variations common

    *A variation of Type C with a ground post offset about 1/2-inch from center may also be
    Algeria 230V 50 Hz C* & F found.

    American Samoa 120V 60 Hz A, B, F & I

    Angola 220V 50 Hz C

    Anguilla 110V 60Hz A (maybe B)

    Antigua 230V* 60 Hz A&B *Airport area is reportedly Antigua power is 110V.

    *Neutral and line wires are reversed from that used in Australia and elsewhere. Click here for
    Argentina 220V 50 Hz C & I* more.

    Armenia 220V 50 Hz C&F

    Aruba 127V* 60 Hz A, B & F *Lago Colony 115V

    *Outlets typically controlled by adjacent switch.


    Australia 230V* 50 Hz I Though nominal voltage has been officially changed to 230V, 240V is within tolerances and
    commonly found.

    Austria 230V 50 Hz C, F

    Azores 220V* 50 Hz B, C, & F *Ponta Delgada 110V; to be converted to 220V

    For complete global listing see World Wide Electricity Reference document
    318-595
    AC Power Quality – Standards

    Types A & B
    No Standardization,
    Many Types

    Many countries have multiple plug/receptacle types in service


    318-595
    AC Power Quality – Standards

    A typical voltage sag


    Voltage sags are by far the most common power disturbance
    318-595
    ANSI - American National Standards Institute

    IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

    IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission


    Organizations that
    create power
    standards NEMA - National Electrical Manufacturers Association

    NFPA - National Fire Protection Association

    NEC - National Electric Code

    US Military
    318-595

    • IEEE 1433: Power Quality Definitions

    • IEEE 519: Harmonic Control in Electrical Power


    IEEE Power Systems

    Quality • IEEE 1159 :Monitoring Electric Power Quality

    Standards • IEEE P1564: Voltage Sag Indices (Prelim)

    • IEEE P1453: Voltage flicker (Prelim)

    • IEEE P446: Emergency and standby power


    318-595
    • IEC SC77A: Low frequency EMC Phenomena

    • SC 77A/WG 1: Harmonics and other low-frequency


    disturbances
    • SC 77A/WG 6: Low frequency immunity tests

    • SC 77A/WG 2: Voltage fluctuations and other low-


    IEC Power frequency disturbances
    Quality • SC 77A/WG 8: Electromagnetic interference related
    to the network frequency
    Standards
    • SC 77A/WG 9: Power Quality measurement
    methods

    • SC 77A/PT 61000-3-1: Electromagnetic


    Compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-1: Limits - Overview of
    emission standards and guides.
    318-595
    • MIL-STD-1399:
    "Interface Standard for Shipboard Systems" covers the design
    and testing of electric power systems and user equipment. It applies only to shipboard power. The standard
    is fairly complete, covering Type I, II, and III shipboard power. It provides specifications on sags,
    interruptions, impulses, unbalance, and harmonics.
    Last revision: Notice 1, 11 Mar 1992.

    • MIL-STD-704E:
    "INTERFACE STANDARD: AIRCRAFT ELECTRIC POWER
    CHARACTERISTICS" specifications for aircraft power quality, including DC, single-phase,
    and three-phase systems. It provides specifications on sags, interruptions, impulses, unbalance, and
    Military Power harmonics.
    Last revision: 1 May 1991.

    Quality Stds • MIL-M-24116B(SH):


    "Monitors, Voltage and Frequency, 400 Hz Electric
    Power" covers trip levels and durations of voltage and frequency monitors. It applies only to
    shipboard installations.

    Last revision: Amendment 1, 29 October 1985 .


    318-595

    • ANSI C62: Guides and standards on surge protection

    ANSI Related • ANSI C84.1: Voltage ratings for equipment & power
    systems
    Standards
    • ANSI C57.110: Transformer derating for supplying non-
    linear loads
    318-595
    Table of AWGs and approximate corresponding size and current capacity (ampacity)
    solid wires. Stranded wires are calculated by calculating the
    The following applies to

    equivalent cross-sectional area.

    Diameter Diameter
    AWG NEC
    (mm) Ampacity with
    (in) 60°C insulation
    1 7.348 0.2893 110
    2 6.543 0.2576 95
    3 5.827 0.2294 85
    4 5.189 0.2043 70
    5 4.621 0.1819
    6 4.115 0.1620 55 Wire must be treated as
    7 3.665 0.1443
    8 3.264 0.1285 40 any Resistor in terms
    9 2.906 0.1144 of voltage drop, power
    10 2.588 0.1019 30 dissipation and thermal
    11 2.304 0.0907
    12 2.052 0.0808 20 rise
    13 1.829 0.0720
    14 1.628 0.0641 15
    15 1.450 0.0571
    16 1.291 0.0508 12
    318-595

    Applicable Safety Devices


    • Switches
    • Thermal 1-Time Metalic Fuses
    • PTC Auto-Resettable Fuses
    • PTC Inrush Current Limiters
    • Thermal and Magnetic Circuit Breakers
    • EMC Line Filters
    • Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters
    318-595
    AC Power Efficiency – Standards

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