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CS201 43

The document discusses matrices and their operations. It defines a matrix as a two-dimensional array and covers topics such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and transposition of matrices. It also discusses designing a class interface for matrices, including constructor, display function, operator overloading for operations like addition and multiplication, and other functions like copy constructor and destructor.

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Abdul Hannan Sohail
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56 views34 pages

CS201 43

The document discusses matrices and their operations. It defines a matrix as a two-dimensional array and covers topics such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and transposition of matrices. It also discusses designing a class interface for matrices, including constructor, display function, operator overloading for operations like addition and multiplication, and other functions like copy constructor and destructor.

Uploaded by

Abdul Hannan Sohail
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Programming

Lecture # 43
Math Library

 Complex number
 Matrix
 Quadratic equation and their solution
…………….…
Design Recipe
 To design a program properly, we must :
– Analyze a problem statement, typically
expressed as a word problem
– Express its essence, abstractly and with
examples
– Formulate statements and comments in a
precise language i.e. code
– Evaluate and revise the activities in light
of checks and tests and
– PAY ATTENTION TO DETAIL
Matrix
• Matrix is nothing but a two
dimensional array of numbers
• Normally, represented in the
form of :
• Rows
• Columns
Example
1 2 3 4
A= 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12

Three Rows
Four Columns
i & j are two Integers
i representing the Row number
j representing the Column number
Operations Performed with Matrix
• Addition of two matrices.
• Addition of a scalar and a matrix
• Subtraction of two matrices
• Subtraction of a scalar from a matrix
• Multiplication of two matrices
• Multiplication of a scalar with a matrix
• Division of a scalar with a matrix
• Transpose of a matrix
Interface
Addition of two Matrices

Aij+ Bij = Cij


Addition of two Matrices
Size of two matrices must be
same

Number of rows and columns


must be identical for the
matrices to be addable
Example
1 2 3 3 6 8
-2 -4 -5
-2 2 0
= 5 6 7 - 7 4 7
0 0 10
9 10 11 9 10 1

Cij = Aij - Bij


Adding a Scalar to
the Matrix
Ordinary number
added to every
element of the
matrix
Subtracting a Scalar
from a Matrix
Ordinary number
subtracted from
every element of the
matrix
Division of Matrix
by a Scalar

Divide every element


of Matrix by a scalar
number
Example
Let :
X be a Scalar number
A be a Matrix

C = Aij
ij
X
Multiplication of a scalar with a Matrix :

Example
Let :
X is a Scalar number
A is a Matrix

X*A
X * A ij = Cij
Multiply two
Matrices

(1)(2)+(2)(1) (1)(4)+(2)(2)
2 4
1
5
2
6 * 1 2 = (5)(2)+(6)(1) (5)(4)+(6)(2)
Rules Regarding
Matrix Multiplication

Number of columns of the 1st Matrix


=
Number of rows of the 2nd Matrix
Rules regarding Matrix
Multiplication
 First matrix has
– M rows
– N columns

 Second matrix has


– N rows
– P columns

 Resultant matrix will have


– M rows
– P columns
Transpose of a
Matrix

Interchange of rows
and columns
Transpose of a Matrix
Example

1 2 3 1 5 9
5 6 7 2 6 10
9 10 11 3 7 11
Transpose of a Non
Square Matrix

Size of matrix change after transpose

A A
T

3 ( Rows ) * 4 ( Columns ) 4 ( Rows ) * 3 ( Columns )


Before After
Next Phase of
Analysis
• Determine the Constants
• Memory Allocation
• What is it’s user interface
Interface
Interface
Constructor : Parameters are
 Number of rows
 Number of columns
Display function
Plus operator : member operator of the class
Subtraction operator : member operator of the
class
Plus operator : friend of the class
Subtraction operator : friend of the class
Plus Operator
A+X

X+A
Subtraction Operator
A-X

X–A
Interface
Multiplication Operator : Member of the Class
Multiplication Operator : Friend of the Class
Division Operator : Member of the Class
Transpose Function : Member of the Class
Assignment Operator : Member of the Class
+= , -= : Members of the Class
Multiplication Operator

A*X

X*A
Assignment Operator

A=B ( Member Operator )


Interface

>> Extraction Operator : Friend Operator

<< Stream Insertion Operator : Friend Operator


Copy Constructor
 Copy Constructor
 Assignment Operator

 Memory Allocation

 Memory Deallocation

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