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Magnetic Proximity Sensor

Magnetic proximity sensors are non-contact sensors that detect nearby magnetic objects without physical contact. They operate using various principles including reed switches, magneto-resistive effects, inductive coupling, variable reluctance, and the Hall effect. Magnetic proximity sensors come in different body styles and configurations to switch loads connected to their outputs in the presence of magnetic fields.

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91 views21 pages

Magnetic Proximity Sensor

Magnetic proximity sensors are non-contact sensors that detect nearby magnetic objects without physical contact. They operate using various principles including reed switches, magneto-resistive effects, inductive coupling, variable reluctance, and the Hall effect. Magnetic proximity sensors come in different body styles and configurations to switch loads connected to their outputs in the presence of magnetic fields.

Uploaded by

Rm
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MAGNETIC

PROXIMITY
SENSOR
https://www.globalspec.com/learnmore/sensors_tran
sducers_detectors/proximity_presence_sensing/prox
imity_presence_sensors_magnetic_types
Proximity Sensor 
■A proximity sensor is a sensor able to
detect the presence of nearby objects
without any physical contact.
Magnetic Proximity Sensors

■Magnetic proximity sensors are non-


contact proximity devices that are used to
detect magnetic objects (e.g. permanent
magnets).
Load configurations 
■ NPN is a transistor output that switches the common or
negative voltage to the load; load connected between
sensor output and positive voltage supply.
■ PNP is a transistor output that switches the positive
voltage to the load; load connected between sensor
output and voltage supply common or negative.
Various body styles of
Magnetic Proximity Sensor
■ Barrel Body Type
■ Limit Switch
■ Rectangular or Block Body Type
■ Slot Style Body
■ Ring Shaped Body Style
Barrel Body Type
Limit Switch
Rectangular or Block Body
Type
Slot Style Body
Ring Shaped Body
Operating Principles
■Reed Switch
■A device could operate due to
– Magneto Resistive
– Inductive
– Variable Reluctance
– Hall Effect
Reed Switch
■ Reed switches are magnetically actuated
switches. They are typically manufactured with
two ferromagnetic reeds (contact blades), which
are sealed in a glass capsule. In the presence of a
magnet, the blades (contacts) close.
Types of Reed Switch

■ A dry reed switch contains ferromagnetic contact blades


sealed in a glass container with an inert gas.
■ In a mercury wetted reed switch, mercury is contact
material for electrical circuit, mercury to mercury. 
Magneto-resistive proximity
sensors
■ Magneto-resistive proximity sensors measure
the magneto-resistive effect or the impact of the
resistivity of a ferromagnetic material in the
presence of a magnetic field.
Inductive proximity sensor

■ Inductive proximity sensor comprises an LC oscillating


circuit, a signal evaluator, and a switching amplifier. The
coil of this oscillating circuit generates a high-frequency
electromagnetic alternating field. This field is emitted at
the sensing face of the sensor. If a metallic object
(switching trigger) nears the sensing face, eddy currents
are generated. The resultant losses draw energy from the
oscillating circuit and reduce the oscillations. The signal
evaluator behind the LC oscillating circuit converts this
information into a clear signal.
Variable reluctance 
■ A variable reluctance sensor (commonly called a VR
sensor) is a transducer that measures changes in 
magnetic reluctance. When combined with basic
electronic circuitry, the sensor detects the change in
presence or proximity of ferrous objects.
Hall Effect Proximity Sensors
■ Hall effect sensors function via the measurement of an electrical
potential that is developed across an axis transverse to an applied
current flow. The electrical potential measured is induced or amplified
in the presence of a magnetic field.

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