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Chapter 12. Air Pollution Control: CIEG 331 Introduction To Environmental Engineering

This document discusses various air pollution control technologies. It begins by describing gaseous and particulate pollutants and methods for their control including absorption, adsorption and combustion for gasses, and cyclone, filter, scrubbing and electrostatic precipitation for particulates. It then focuses on flue gas desulfurization technologies for sulfur dioxide removal including wet and dry scrubbers. Finally, it discusses control methods for nitrogen oxides including preventative methods and post-combustion technologies like selective catalytic reduction. Diagrams and equations are provided to illustrate several of the air pollution control devices.

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107 views25 pages

Chapter 12. Air Pollution Control: CIEG 331 Introduction To Environmental Engineering

This document discusses various air pollution control technologies. It begins by describing gaseous and particulate pollutants and methods for their control including absorption, adsorption and combustion for gasses, and cyclone, filter, scrubbing and electrostatic precipitation for particulates. It then focuses on flue gas desulfurization technologies for sulfur dioxide removal including wet and dry scrubbers. Finally, it discusses control methods for nitrogen oxides including preventative methods and post-combustion technologies like selective catalytic reduction. Diagrams and equations are provided to illustrate several of the air pollution control devices.

Uploaded by

ashraf refaat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 12.

Air Pollution Control

CIEG 331
Introduction to Environmental
Engineering
Air Pollution Control

• Gaseous
• Particulates
Gaseous Pollutants
• Absorption
• Adsorption
• Combustion
Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD)

• Non-regenerative: non-recovery and reuse


of chemical reagents
• Regenerative: recovery and reuse of
chemical reagents
Non-regenerative systems
• Chemicals: lime, limestone, caustic soda,
soda ash, ammonia
– SO2 + CaCO3 ---> CaSO3 + CO2
– SO2 + Ca(OH)2 ---> CaSO3 + H2O
– CaSO3 + 1/2 O2 ---> CaSO4
• Types
– Wet
– Dry
Wet Type
• Venturi
• Static packed
• Moving bed
• Tray tower
• Spray towers
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System

http://www.fkinc.com/dirctspraydry.htm#top
Control Technologies for Nitrogen
Oxides
• Preventive • Post combustion
– minimizing operating – selective catalytic reduction
temperature – selective non-catalytic
– fuel switching reduction
– low excess air – non-selective catalytic
– flue gas recirculation reduction
– lean combustion
– staged combustion
– low Nox burners
– secondary combustion
– water/steam injection
Particulate Pollutants
• Cyclone
• Filter
• Liquid scrubbing
• Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Cyclone
B
1
 9 B 2 H 
2

d 0 .5  
  p Q g  

 2 L1  L2 
H

d0.5 = cut diameter at 50% removal De


H
 = dynamic viscosity of gas, Pa-s
L1
B = width, m
H = height, m L3
D2
p = particle density, kg/m3
Qg = gas flow rate, m3/s
 = effective number of turns
L2

Dd
For standard Cyclone:
B = 0.25 D2 = 0.13 m
Ex. 6-9
H = 0.5 D2 = 0.25 m
Given:
L1 = L2 = 2 D2 = 1 m
D2 = 0.5 m
Qg = 4 m3/s

T = 25 oC  2(1)  1  37.7
p = 800 kg/m3 0.25
Q = What is the removal efficiency
h = 0.95
for particles with ave
diameter of 10 m?
0.5
 9(18.5 x10 )(0.13) (0.25) 
6 2
d 0.5    2.41x10 6
 (800)( 4)( 37.7 ) 
 2.41( m)
d 10
@ d =10 m   4.15
d 0.5 2.41
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
http://www.fkinc.com/cyclones.htm
Air Filtration
Case A: Pore blocking
Case B: Pore plugging
Case C1: Pore narrowing
Case C2: Pore narrowing w/lost pore
Case D: Pore bridging
Air Filtration
• Impaction
• Diffusion
• Straining (Interception)
• Electrostatics
Air Filter
• High removal
efficiency for
< 5 m
particles
Scrubber
• Venturi
ESP
ESP

http://www.powerspancorp.com/news/precipitator.shtml
http://www.ppcbio.com/ppcdespwhatis.htm

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