Scribd
Upload
124 views30 pages

Temporary Works Iii. Formwork

Formwork is temporary construction used to support wet concrete until it cures. It is used for columns, beams, slabs, walls, and other reinforced concrete elements. Formwork must be strong enough to support the weight of wet concrete without excessive deflection. It is constructed from materials like timber, plywood, steel, which are sized and assembled based on the element being formed. Formwork is removed once the concrete reaches sufficient strength.

Uploaded by

Kshitiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
124 views30 pages

Temporary Works Iii. Formwork

Formwork is temporary construction used to support wet concrete until it cures. It is used for columns, beams, slabs, walls, and other reinforced concrete elements. Formwork must be strong enough to support the weight of wet concrete without excessive deflection. It is constructed from materials like timber, plywood, steel, which are sized and assembled based on the element being formed. Formwork is removed once the concrete reaches sufficient strength.

Uploaded by

Kshitiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

TEMPORARY WORKS

iii. FORMWORK
• Formwork is defined as a temporary construction
to support the cast-in-situ concrete, in the form of a
mould or a box.

•It is provided during construction of all RCC works


Column, Beam, Slab, Stair, Shear Wall and arches.

•It should be strong enough to withstand the load of


the green concrete until it sets and achieves the
desired shape and the predetermined strength.

•It is a supporting structure onto which the concrete


mix is poured, compacted and left till it sets.
TEMPORARY WORKS
iii. FORMWORK

•Shuttering is applied to the temporary casings


and supports.

•If the work is circular, such as arches and vault


roofs, it is referred to as centering.

•The construction of formwork involves


considerable expenditure of time and material( up
to 20 to 25% of structural cost in building & even
higher in bridges.)
Characteristics of Formwork

 It should be strong enough to withstand dead and


live loads during and after casting of concrete.

It should be accurately set out;


out; correct shape, size
and position.

It should be have tight joints to avoid leakage of


cement slurry.

 It should of the size,


size, material and design that make
it easy to assemble & dissemble and hence could be
reused.
reused.

Materials for formwork should be resistant against


warping,
warping, bulking and weather.
weather.
Characteristics of Formwork

Materials should be cheap and easily available and


should be suitable for reuse several times.

It should be stiff enough so the deflection is


minimum when the concrete is consolidated by
tamping or vibration.

The formwork should be light as possible and its


surface should be smooth for easy stripping.

It should rest on firm base


Materials and Size Of Formwork

 Formwork can be made of timber, plywood, steel,


pre cast concrete or fibre glass used separately or
in combination.

 Types of materials to be used depends on the


nature of construction/ availability/cost of
materials

 Steel forms are used in the major projects, fibre


glass/ aluminum used in the precast concrete

Types of formwork (based in materials)


1. Timber formwork
2. Plywood formwork
3. Steel formwork
Materials and Size Of Formwork

Timber
• It should be well seasoned
• Light in weight
• Easily workable without nails splitting out
• Free from loose knots

Plywood
• It will have perfectly plain and smooth surface
• Large size panels helps in shaving the labour cost
of fixing & dismantling
• It can be reused for 20-25 times
Materials and Size Of Formwork

Steel

• It is stronger, durable & has long life, reused


100-120 times.
• It can be installed &dismantled with greater
ease, saves time.
• Finishing is achieved.
• No absorption of water, so honey combing is
minimized.
• Shrink &distortion is negligible.
Recommended sizes of Formwork units;

S
Description Sizes Remarks
N
Flat sheeting
25-50mm
for slab
thick
bottoms,
1. (app. 1/3 rd of
for columns
the slab
and beam
thickness)
sides
Bottoms of
2. 50mm thick
beams
Vertical 75X100 to Depending upon the
3. posts or 150X150mm load to be carried
props thick out
Joists or 50X100 to To support slab
4.
Construction of Formwork

The construction of formwork involves the


following operations;

a) Propping and centering

b) Shuttering

c) Provision of camber

d) Cleaning and surface treatment


a. Propping and Centering

•Props
Props are the vertical supports of
the formwork, also known as
Ballies or Shores.

• Made of timber, steel or even of


brick piers bonded in mud mortar.

•Support
Support the horizontal formwork
member at a regular interval of 1-
1.2m c/c.

•Are
Are rested on wooden sole plate
(40mmX100mmX100mm) laid on
firm ground and are fixed with it
with the help of double wedges.
a. Propping and Centering
Shuttering

Horizontal platform made out of Timber Planks or


Ply boards or Steel Plates. It also used for
construction of Chamfers, Bevels, Moulds in column,
beam or slab. Openings for clamps and hooks are
provided in the shuttering as desired.

Provision of camber

Certain deflection, usually in the horizontal


members in RCC construction is unavoidable. So
there should be provision of upward camber in the
formwork; @ 4mm camber for slab and beam and
for cantilever, 1/50th of the projected length
Surface treatment
•Before laying of concrete it is made sure that the
formwork is thoroughly cleaned.

•The surfaces that are to come in direct contact with


the concrete should be wetted with water.

•It prevents the dry surfaces of the formwork from


absorbing the water in the mix avoiding situations
like warping,
warping, swelling of wood or honeycombing in
concrete.

•Steel formworks should be cooled using water and a


coat of raw linseed oil or soft soap solution should be
applied on surfaces that come in direct contact with
water.
Removal of Formwork
Formwork should be planned & constructed in such a
manner that removal of it is in certain sequences

Order & method of removing formwork

• Shuttering forming vertical faces of walls, beams


and column sides which do not bear load, but retain
the concrete is removed first.

•Shuttering forming soffit to slab should be removed.

•Soffit of beam, girders or other heavily loaded


shuttering should be removed at the end.

•Under normal circumstances with atmospheric


temperature of above 20°c, stripping of the formwork
is recommended as follows
SN Description Time
Duration
1. Wall, Columns, Vertical sides of beams 1-2 days
and foundation
2. Slab ( props left) 3 days
3. Beam soffits ( props left) 7 days
4. Removal of props for slab;
i. Span upto 4.5 M 7 days
ii. Span over 4.5 M 14 days
5. Removal of props for beams & arches 14 days
i.Span
i.Span upto 6 M 21 days
ii.Span
ii.Span over 6 M
Duration of removal pf formwork depends on type of
cement ,shape & position of the member, loads to be
carried & temperature of the air.
Shuttering for columns
Sizes:
•Sheeting-25-30 mm
thick
Width -125mm-
225mm

•Cleats -32mm thk.


(75*50) 600 or 300mm
c/c-900mmc/c

•Yokes or clamps-
75mm*50mm or
100mm*75mm

•Wedges and bolt with


Shuttering for columns
Columns Formwork
Formwork for beam & Slab
• Slab is supported on 2.5 thk sheeting laid
parallel to the main beam.
• Sheeting is supported on wooden battens laid
between the beams at suitable spacing
• To reduce deflection, the batterns may be
proped at the middle of the span through joists
• End of the battens are supported on the ledge ,
fixed to the cleats throughout the length
• The beam form is supported on the head tree.
• The shore of post is connected to the head tree
through cleats
• At the bottom of shore, two wedges of hard
wood are provided over a sole piece
Formwork for beam & Slab
Formwork for beam & Slab
Beam three parts-two side boards and a soffit board

• Side board=32mm thick boards nailed with


150mm by 32 mm cleats at 610 mm c/c
• Bearers firmly nailed to cleats for the support of
the ends of the joists=100mm *32mm or 75mm
*50 mm
• Soffit board938mm-50mm)support greater
weight.
• Fixing plate= 75*32 nailed to the top of the head
tree.
• Head tree= 100*75(on top of props which is
further nailed & secured by 75*25 braced.
• Props=100*75 placed at 1.2 centers centrally
below the beams
• Sole pieces= 200*50 placed below the wedge
Formwork for beam & Slab
Formwork for Staircase
Formwork for Staircase
Formwork for Staircase
•The sheathing or decking for the deck slab is carried
on cross joist.

•The cross joist is further supported on raking


ledges.
Ledger= 7.5*10
cross joist= 5*10
riser planks=4*5
•The riser plank of equal height is fixed on the
decking which is beveled at the bottom.
•The outer end are supported by cut string which is
strutted by cross joists.
•At the wall side riser planks are supported by
hanger secured to the board or strutted against the
wall.
•Treads are left open to permit concreting and
through vibration.
Formwork for walls
(reinforced concrete walls)

1. Fixed formwork
2. Moving formwork

Fixed formwork
• It is used for the wall up to 3-4 m high.
• The boards fixed to post spaced in suitable
intervals
• Horizontal walling are fixed to the posts at suitable
intervals and the whole assembly is strutted in
both sides
• The two shutters are kept apart equal to the
thickness of the wall, providing kicker at the
bottom and nailed to the post
1. Fixed formwork
Moving formwork

• Forms are made of in panels size of 0.6*1.8m for


easier handling & stripping.
• 15 mm plywood is used as boarding.
• Struts are fixed at the center and end of the
panels.
• The panel are erected in such a way that the lower
panels can be removed when concrete is hard and
used higher level.
• This type of formwork is more suitable for large
contracts, particularly reinforced concrete
multistory building having repetitive floors.
• For rapid construction of constant thickness wall,
continuously rising form ”sliding shutter” is used,
rise at the rate of 15-30 cm per hr. depending
upon rate of hardening of concrete.
• Operated by hydraulic jack or manually screw jack
Moving formwork

You might also like