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    Trigeminal Neuralgia

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    Mihir Patel
    Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition characterized by severe, sporadic facial pain caused by compression or irritation of the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nerve has three branches supplying sensation to the face. Trigeminal neuralgia most commonly affects the branches to the upper and lower jaw. Causes include blood vessel compression, tumors, or demyelination of the nerve. Episodes are often triggered by everyday activities like eating or talking. Diagnosis involves ruling out other causes through imaging and neurological exams. Treatment focuses on carbamazepine or other anticonvulsants, with microvascular decompression surgery offered if medications fail to control pain. Nursing care involves educating patients on triggers and preventing complications of sensory loss

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    Trigeminal Neuralgia

    Uploaded by

    Mihir Patel
    3K views15 pages
    Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition characterized by severe, sporadic facial pain caused by compression or irritation of the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nerve has three branches supplying sensation to the face. Trigeminal neuralgia most commonly affects the branches to the upper and lower jaw. Causes include blood vessel compression, tumors, or demyelination of the nerve. Episodes are often triggered by everyday activities like eating or talking. Diagnosis involves ruling out other causes through imaging and neurological exams. Treatment focuses on carbamazepine or other anticonvulsants, with microvascular decompression surgery offered if medications fail to control pain. Nursing care involves educating patients on triggers and preventing complications of sensory loss

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    Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition characterized by severe, sporadic facial pain caused by compression or irritation of the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nerve has three branches supplying sensation to the face. Trigeminal neuralgia most commonly affects the branches to the upper and lower jaw. Causes include blood vessel compression, tumors, or demyelination of the nerve. Episodes are often triggered by everyday activities like eating or talking. Diagnosis involves ruling out other causes through imaging and neurological exams. Treatment focuses on carbamazepine or other anticonvulsants, with microvascular decompression surgery offered if medications fail to control pain. Nursing care involves educating patients on triggers and preventing complications of sensory loss

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3K views15 pages

    Trigeminal Neuralgia

    Uploaded by

    Mihir Patel
    Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition characterized by severe, sporadic facial pain caused by compression or irritation of the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nerve has three branches supplying sensation to the face. Trigeminal neuralgia most commonly affects the branches to the upper and lower jaw. Causes include blood vessel compression, tumors, or demyelination of the nerve. Episodes are often triggered by everyday activities like eating or talking. Diagnosis involves ruling out other causes through imaging and neurological exams. Treatment focuses on carbamazepine or other anticonvulsants, with microvascular decompression surgery offered if medications fail to control pain. Nursing care involves educating patients on triggers and preventing complications of sensory loss

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Trigeminal Neuralgia

    (TIC DOULOUREUX)
    Presented By; Mr.Mihir Patel,
    Nursing Tutor
    GCON,Siddhpur.
    Function of Trigeminal Nerve (CN-V)
    Each Trigeminal Nerve Splits into three branches
    controlling feeling for different parts of Face;
    1.Ophthalmic Branch
    Control Eye, Upper Eyelid, Forehead.
    2.Maxillary Branch
    Lower Eyelid,cheek,nostril,upper lip and upper
    gum.
    3.Mandibular Branch
    Jaw, Lower lip, lower gum, some muscle.
    Definition
    Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition of the fifth cranial nerve
    characterized by paroxysms of pain in the area innervated
    by any of the three branches, but it most commonly occurs
    in the second and third branches of the trigeminal nerve.
    Etiology
     Chronic compression or irritation of the trigeminal nerve
    or degenerative changes in the gasserian ganglion.
     Intracranial Tumor
     Demyelination of Nerve
     Petrous ridge compression
     Degenerative Changes
     Multiple Sclerosis
     Brain Lesions
     Stroke
     Facial Trauma
    Triggering Agents
    Shaving
    Touching to Face
    Eating
    Drinking
    Talking
    Smile
    Face Movement
    Pathophysiology
    One theory suggests that the compression of blood
    vessels, especially the superior cerebellar artery. This
    result in chronic irritation of trigeminal nerve at root
    entry zone. This irritation leads to increased firing of
    the sensory fibers.
    Neuralgia include herpes virus infection, infection of
    the teeth and jaw and a brain stem infarct.
    Clinical Manifestation
    Paroxysms of excruciating pain
    (Burning, Sharp like pain in the lips, upper or lower
    gums, cheek forehead or side of the nose.
    Intense pain,twisting,grimacing and frequent blinking
    and tearing of the eye.
    Facial Sensory Loss
    Diagnostic Evaluation
     History Collection
     Physical Examination
     Computed Tomography should be done to rule out any lesions
    or vascular abnormalities.
     Lumbar Puncture
     Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to rule our Multiple
    Sclerosis.
     Electromyelography (EMG)
     CSF Analysis
     Arteriography
     Myelography
    Management
    Drug Therapy
    Anti-Seizure Drugs
    e.g.Carbamazepine,Phenytoin and valproate
    Carbamazepine is considered first line therapy for
    Trigeminal Neuralgia.
    Surgical Management
    Methods fail to relieve pain, a number of surgical
    options are available. The choice of procedure depends
    on the patient’s preference and health status.
    Micro vascular Decompression of the Trigeminal
    Nerve.
    With the aid of an operating microscope, the artery loop is lifted
    from the nerve to relieve the pressure, and a small prosthetic
    device is inserted to prevent recurrence of impingement on the
    nerve. This procedure relieves facial pain while preserving normal
    sensation, but it is a major procedure, involving a craniotomy.
    Cont…
    Percutaneous Radiofrequency Trigeminal
    Gangliolysis.

    Percutaneous radiofrequency interruption of the gasserian


    ganglion, in which the small unmyelinated and thinly
    myelinated fibers that conduct pain are thermally destroyed,
    is the surgical procedure of choice for trigeminal neuralgia
    Nursing Management
     Instruct the client to avoid factors that can trigger the attack
    and result in exhaustion and fatigue.
     Avoid foods that are too cold or too hot.
     Chew foods in the affected side.
     Use cotton pads gently, wash face and for oral hygiene.
     Provide teaching to clients who have sensory loss as a result of
    a treatment.
     Inspection of the eye for foreign bodies, which the client will
    not be able to feel, should be done several times a day.
     Warm normal saline irrigation of the affected eye two to three
    times a day is helpful in preventing corneal infection.
     Dental check ups every 6 months is encouraged, since dental
    caries will not produce pain.
     Explain to the client and his family the disease and its
    treatments.
    Thank You

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