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    Angular Measurement: Requires Three Points

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    Filmon Selama
    The document discusses angular measurement and direction of lines in surveying. It defines azimuth, bearings, and how to convert between the two. Examples are provided for solving problems involving determining azimuths, bearings, and directions of lines given information about connecting angles and known azimuths/bearings. The key points are that azimuths are measured clockwise from north and range from 0-360 degrees, while bearings are written as compass directions and range from 0-90 degrees. Converting between the two depends on the quadrant the line falls in. [/SUMMARY]

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    Angular Measurement: Requires Three Points

    Uploaded by

    Filmon Selama
    46 views14 pages
    The document discusses angular measurement and direction of lines in surveying. It defines azimuth, bearings, and how to convert between the two. Examples are provided for solving problems involving determining azimuths, bearings, and directions of lines given information about connecting angles and known azimuths/bearings. The key points are that azimuths are measured clockwise from north and range from 0-360 degrees, while bearings are written as compass directions and range from 0-90 degrees. Converting between the two depends on the quadrant the line falls in. [/SUMMARY]

    Original Description:

    Helpful Surveying problems

    Original Title

    Chap9 Probs

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    The document discusses angular measurement and direction of lines in surveying. It defines azimuth, bearings, and how to convert between the two. Examples are provided for solving problems involving determining azimuths, bearings, and directions of lines given information about connecting angles and known azimuths/bearings. The key points are that azimuths are measured clockwise from north and range from 0-360 degrees, while bearings are written as compass directions and range from 0-90 degrees. Converting between the two depends on the quadrant the line falls in. [/SUMMARY]

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    46 views14 pages

    Angular Measurement: Requires Three Points

    Uploaded by

    Filmon Selama
    The document discusses angular measurement and direction of lines in surveying. It defines azimuth, bearings, and how to convert between the two. Examples are provided for solving problems involving determining azimuths, bearings, and directions of lines given information about connecting angles and known azimuths/bearings. The key points are that azimuths are measured clockwise from north and range from 0-360 degrees, while bearings are written as compass directions and range from 0-90 degrees. Converting between the two depends on the quadrant the line falls in. [/SUMMARY]

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Angular Measurement

     Requires three points


     From – Backsight reference
     At – Where the transit is located
     To – Foresight
     Established or Determined
     Units of Measure
     Degrees, Min, Sec
     Radians -  rad = 180 degrees
     Gons – European, 400 Gon/circle
    Direction of a Line
     Same units as Angles
     Meridians – North/South Lines
     True
     Magnetic
     Grid
     Assumed
     Azimuth
     Bearing
    Azimuth
     Angles Measured Clockwise from North
     Military and Astronomers use South
     Angle between 0 and 360°
     Back Az = Az ± 180°
     AzBC = Back AzAB + <A
    Bearings
     Quadrants – NE, SE, SW, NW
     Always < 90
     Written N23°15’W
     Back Bearing – change directions
     Bearing AB = N23°15’W
     Back bearing AB = bearing BA
    =S23°15’E
    Bearings to Azimuths
     Each quadrant is different
     NE: Bearing E from N
    Az = Bearing Angle (BA) NW NE
     SE: Bearing E from S
    Az = 180 – BA
     SW: Bearing W from S
    Az = 180 + BA
     NW: Bearing E from N SW SE
    Az = 360 – BA
    Problem 9-3, McCormac’s 4th
    Az OA = 141°16’ (SE Quad)
    B.A. = 180° - 141°16’= 38°84’
    Bearing = S38°84’E

    Az OB = 217°23’ (SW Quad)


    B.A. = 217°23’ - 180° = 37°23’
    Bearing = S37°23’W

    Az OC = 48°23’ (NE Quad)


    B.A. = Az; Bearing = N48°23’E
    Problem 9-5, McCormac’s 4th
    Az OA = 17°22’16”

    Az OB = 180° - 70°18’46”
    = 109°41’14”

    Az OB = 180° + 11°8’52”
    = 191°8’52”

    Az OB = 360° - 76°30’52”
    = 283°29’8”
    Traverse Directions
     Given:
     The direction of a side
     The connecting angle
     Find:
     The direction of the adjacent side
     Determine back azimuth
     Add angle
     Clockwise: (+)
     Counterclockwise: (-)
    Traverse Azimuths Example
     Az AB = 35°15’ C

     ABC = 98°27’
     Find AZ BC
    98°27’
     Back Az = Az  180° B

     Az BA = 215°15’ 35°15’
    215°15’

     215°15’ + 98°27’
    = 313°42’
    A
    Problem 9-7, McCormac’s 4th
    Az AB = 70°42’
    N Az BA = 250°42’
    ABC = 97°18’ Left (CCW)
    N so Az BC = 250°42’ - 97°18’
    250°42’ = 153°24’
    70°42’
    B SE Quadrant:
    97°18’ B.A. = 180° - 153°24’
    = 26°36’
    A
    C Bearing = S 26°36’E
    Problem 9-7, McCormac’s 4th
    Az BC = 162°28’
    Az BA = 342°28’
    BCD = 67°38’ Left (CCW)
    so Az CD = 342°28’ - 67°38’
    = 274°50’
    NW Quadrant:
    B.A. = 360° - 274°50’
    = 85°10’
    Bearing = N 85°10’W
    Problem 9-17, McCormac’s 5th
    Az 34 = 351°50’00”

    Az 43 = 171°50’00”
    - 4 - 221°37’56”
    - 49°47’56”
    + 360°00’00”
    Az 41 = 310°12’04”
    NW Quad, B.A. = 360° - Az
    Bearing 41 = N 49°47’56”W
    Problem 9-17, McCormac’s 5th
    Az 41 = 310°12’04”
    Az 14 = 130°12’04”
    - 1 - 51°16’00”
    Az 12 = 78°56’04”
    NE Quad, B.A. = Az
    Bearing 12 = N 78°56’04”E
    Az 21 = 258°56’04”
    - 2 - 36°22’00”
    Az 23 = 222°34’04”
    SW Quad, B.A. = Az - 180°
    Bearing 23 = S42°34’04”E
    Problem 9-17, McCormac’s 5th
    3 = 360° - 221°37’56”
    - 51°16’00” - 36°22’00”
    = 50°44’04”
    Az 32 = 42°34’04”
    - 3 - 50°44’04”
    - 8°10’00”
    + 360°00’00”
    Az 34 = 351°50’00”
    Closed traverse, Interior angles
    NW Quad, B.A. = 360° - Az
    ’s = (n-2)180 Bearing 34 = N 8°10’00”W
    = (4-2)180 = 360°

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