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Pressure Measurement: Methods and Applications

Pressure can be measured using various devices like the Bourdon gage, strain gage, quartz gage, piezoresistive gage, and U-tube manometer. The Bourdon gage uses the change in curvature of a tube to measure pressure differences, while strain gages measure changes in electrical resistance corresponding to pressure changes. Quartz and piezoresistive gages convert pressure changes into voltage signals using piezoelectric or resistive effects. A U-tube manometer relies on the hydrostatic law to measure pressure as a difference in liquid column heights corresponding to different pressures. These devices have applications in areas like industrial process control and research.

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61 views9 pages

Pressure Measurement: Methods and Applications

Pressure can be measured using various devices like the Bourdon gage, strain gage, quartz gage, piezoresistive gage, and U-tube manometer. The Bourdon gage uses the change in curvature of a tube to measure pressure differences, while strain gages measure changes in electrical resistance corresponding to pressure changes. Quartz and piezoresistive gages convert pressure changes into voltage signals using piezoelectric or resistive effects. A U-tube manometer relies on the hydrostatic law to measure pressure as a difference in liquid column heights corresponding to different pressures. These devices have applications in areas like industrial process control and research.

Uploaded by

AafaqIqbal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PRESSURE MEASUREMENT

Methods and Applications

1
Overview
Pressure (P ) expresses the magnitude of normal force (F-N) per unit area (A-m2)
applied on a surface.
F F
P  or P 
A A
Units: Pa(= N/m2), psi(=lbf/in2), bar (=105 Pa=100 kPa), mbar (=100 Pa=1 hPa),
atm (=101.3 kPa), mmHg (or Torr), inHg, etc.
Note: For every Unit: hUnit=hectoUnit=100 Unit

Pabs  Patm  Pgage


Where Pabs : Absolute pressure
Patm : Atmospheric pressure
(standard is: 101.3 kPa =14.696 psi=760 mmHg=29.92 inHg)
Pgage : Gage pressure

2
Pressure Measuring Devices
Bourdon Gage:

http://www.efunda.com/DesignStandards/sensors/bourdon_tubes/images/Bourdon_tube_A.gif
http://www.cpigauges.com/images/gauges/WeldGageStlCsBM400psi.jpg http://www.hydraulicspneumatics.com/FPE/images/sensors1_1.jpg

Principles: change in curvature of the tube is proportional to difference of


pressure inside from that outside the tube
Applications: tire pressure, pressure at the top or along the walls of tanks or
vessels

3
Pressure Measuring Devices
Strain Gage

Principles: ∆ P  ∆ Resistance  ∆ Voltage

Applications: Sensors for internal combustion engines, automotive, research etc.

4
Pressure Measuring Devices
Quartz Gage
Piezoelectric transducers

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/SchemaPiezo.gif
http://www.ransohoff.com/images/systems/transducerlgr.jpg

Principles: ∆ Pressure  ∆ Charge  ∆ Voltage

Applications: measurements with high accuracy, good repeatability, high resolution.


e g. Quartz Clock

5
Pressure Measuring Devices
Piezoresistive Gage

Digital Manometer

Principles: ∆Pressure = ∆Charge = ∆Resistance = ∆Voltage

Applications: Very accurate for small pressure differentials


e.g. Difference between indoor and outdoor pressure

6
Pressure Measuring Devices
U-tube Manometer

http://www.efunda.com/formulae/fluids/images/Manometer_A.gif

Principles: Hydrostatic Law


∆P=ρ g h

7
Pressure Measuring Devices
U-tube Manometer

http://www.armfield.co.uk/images/H12.gif http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/fluids/flupic/bern5.jpg

Mercury Water Manometer Air Water Manometer

Applications: air pressure, pipe pressure, etc.

8
UT Manometer Applet

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