Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 272 views

    Drugs Affecting The Autonomic Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    Sar Patts
    1. The document discusses drugs that affect the autonomic nervous system (ANS) including nicotinic cholinergic receptor agonists and antagonists, muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonists and antagonists, and adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists. 2. Nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonists like vecuronium cause neuromuscular blockade. Muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonists like bethanechol stimulate parasympathetic effects while antagonists like atropine have opposite sympathetic effects. 3. Adrenergic receptor agonists mimic sympathetic effects while antagonists like alpha-blockers and beta-blockers have opposite effects like lowering blood

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Drugs Affecting The Autonomic Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    Sar Patts
    272 views14 pages
    1. The document discusses drugs that affect the autonomic nervous system (ANS) including nicotinic cholinergic receptor agonists and antagonists, muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonists and antagonists, and adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists. 2. Nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonists like vecuronium cause neuromuscular blockade. Muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonists like bethanechol stimulate parasympathetic effects while antagonists like atropine have opposite sympathetic effects. 3. Adrenergic receptor agonists mimic sympathetic effects while antagonists like alpha-blockers and beta-blockers have opposite effects like lowering blood

    Original Title

    Drugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1. The document discusses drugs that affect the autonomic nervous system (ANS) including nicotinic cholinergic receptor agonists and antagonists, muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonists and antagonists, and adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists. 2. Nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonists like vecuronium cause neuromuscular blockade. Muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonists like bethanechol stimulate parasympathetic effects while antagonists like atropine have opposite sympathetic effects. 3. Adrenergic receptor agonists mimic sympathetic effects while antagonists like alpha-blockers and beta-blockers have opposite effects like lowering blood

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    272 views14 pages

    Drugs Affecting The Autonomic Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    Sar Patts
    1. The document discusses drugs that affect the autonomic nervous system (ANS) including nicotinic cholinergic receptor agonists and antagonists, muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonists and antagonists, and adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists. 2. Nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonists like vecuronium cause neuromuscular blockade. Muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonists like bethanechol stimulate parasympathetic effects while antagonists like atropine have opposite sympathetic effects. 3. Adrenergic receptor agonists mimic sympathetic effects while antagonists like alpha-blockers and beta-blockers have opposite effects like lowering blood

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    PHARMACOLOGY OF THE

    CENTRAL NERVOUS
    SYSTEM
    DRUGS AFFECTING THE ANS
    Kirsten Culver, PhD
    The Nervous System
    Somatic Nervous System
    •Nicotinic Cholinergic
    Receptors
    •Neuromuscular blockade
    • Surgery
    • Endotracheal intubation
    • Mechanical ventilation
    •Vecuronium (Norcuron)
    • Nicotinic Cholinergic
    receptor antagonist
    • Effects of Norcuron are
    Autonomic Nervous reversed by
    acetylcholiesterase
    System
    Sympathetic
    inhibitors (neostigmine)
    Parasympathetic
    The Autonomic Nervous System

    Most organs and glands receive


    input from both branches of the
    Autonomic Nervous System
    •Exception: arterioles, sweat
    glands

    In general, sympathetic and


    parasympathetic inputs have
    opposing effects on the same
    tissue
    • However, one input typically
    predominates
    The Autonomic Nervous System
     Ganglia of the Autonomic Nervous System
     Contain nicotinic cholinergic receptors
     Ligand-gated ion channels
     Acetylcholine induces the opening of sodium ion channels
    and depolarization of the neuron
     Results in stimulation of sympathetic and parasympathetic
    postganglionic neurons
    Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors
    Ganglia of the Autonomic Nervous System

    Nicotinic cholinergic receptor blockade (ganglionic receptor


    blockers)
     Not a neutral phenomena
     The impact of administering a nicotinic antagonist will be greatest on the
    predominant input from the ANS, leading to an increase in the biological
    effects of the weaker input
     The heart receives input from both the sympathetic and
    parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
     However, the parasympathetic input predominates and slows intrinsic
    rhythm
     Administration of a nicotinic cholinergic receptor blocker causes
    inhibition of both the smaller sympathetic input and the predominant
    parasympathetic input, leading to a net sympathetic effect
     Tachycardia would result
     At present, ganglionic receptor blockers are only used to produce
    muscle relaxation during surgery (inhibition of the somatic nervous
    system)
    Pharmacology of the Autonomic Nervous
    System
    Pharmacology of the Parasympathetic
    Nervous System
     Postganglionic parasympathetic nerve terminals
    release acetylcholine, and the target tissues contain
    muscarinic cholinergic receptors
     Cholinergics (muscarinic agonists, parasympathomimetics)
     Stimulate smooth muscle and gland secretions
     Decrease heart rate and force of contraction
     Constriction of the pupils
     Anticholinergics (muscarinic antagonists, parasympatholytics)
     Exert an opposite effect compared to that of cholinergics
    Cholinergics and the Parasympathetic
    Nervous System
     Direct-acting cholinergics
     Bind to muscarinic cholinergic receptors
     Bethanechol
     Simulates smooth muscle contraction
     Used to treat postoperative ileus (GI), increases urination
    (Bladder)
     Indirect-acting cholinergics
     Inhibit acetylcholinesterase, causing an increase in Ach
     Affects autonomic ganglia, muscarinic receptors,
    skeletal muscle and cholinergic receptors in the CNS
    Indirect-Acting Cholinergics
     Insecticides
     Carbamate and Organophosphate insecticides inhibit
    acetylcholinesterase
     Nicotinic effects
     Muscle fasiculations and fatigue
     Muscarinic effects
     Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, dyspnea and
    pin-prick pupils
     Due to their wide-reaching effects, indirect-acting
    cholinergics are rarely used clinically to modulate
    the ANS
    Anticholinergics and the ANS
     Selective muscarinic antagonists
     Inhibit parasympathetic inputs to target organs
     Induce effects similar sympathetic nervous system
    activation
     Atropine
     Inhibits Ach binding at muscarinic receptors
     Increased heart rate, bronchodilation, decreased GI
    motility, pupil dilation, decreased secretions from
    glands
     Effective treatment for carbamate insecticide poisoning
    Pharmacology of the Sympathetic Nervous
    System
     Postganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals release
    norepinephrine, and the target tissues contain
    adrenergic ( & ß) receptors
     Adrenergics (adrenergic agonists, sympathomimetics)
     1 receptors – constrict smooth muscle (blood vessels,
    uterus) and dilate pupils
     ß1 receptors – increase heart rate and force of contraction,
    increase release of renin
     ß2 receptors – inhibit smooth muscle (bronchioles, uterus)
     Adrenergic antagonists (sympatholytics)
     Exert an opposite effect compared to adrenergics
    Adrenergics and the Sympathetic Nervous
    System

    Adverse effects are associated with over-stimulation of the sympathetic nervous


    system (tachycardia, hypertension and dysrhythmias)
    Adrenergic Antagonists and the Sympathetic
    Nervous System
    Adrenergic Antagonists and the Sympathetic
    Nervous System

     Most widely prescribed class of autonomic drug


     Alpha-adrenergic antagonists
     Relax vascular smooth muscle (dilation), resulting in
    decreased blood pressure
     Beta-adrenergic antagonists
     Decrease the rate and force of contraction of the heart and
    reduce the production of renin
     Beta1 receptor antagonists are cardio-selective
     Results in decreased blood pressure

    You might also like