Scribd
Upload
285 views22 pages

Active Fire Protection

This document discusses different types of spray systems used in fire protection, including medium velocity water spray systems and high velocity water spray systems. It describes the criteria for applying these different systems based on the type of flammable liquids and vessel size. The document also provides details on nozzle types, actuation methods, and general design guidelines for water spray systems used in fire protection applications.

Uploaded by

Sumanta Bhaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
285 views22 pages

Active Fire Protection

This document discusses different types of spray systems used in fire protection, including medium velocity water spray systems and high velocity water spray systems. It describes the criteria for applying these different systems based on the type of flammable liquids and vessel size. The document also provides details on nozzle types, actuation methods, and general design guidelines for water spray systems used in fire protection applications.

Uploaded by

Sumanta Bhaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

SAIPEM INDIA PROJECTS

LOSPE - ENVIRONMENT & LOSS PREVENTION

Deluge System
Spray System

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


Types of Spray System

1. Medium Velocity Water Spray System (MVWS)

2. High Velocity Water Spray System (HVWS)

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


MVWS Spray System
With fire risks involving the lighter oils, liquefied
petroleum gases and other flammable liquids with flash
points below 65 deg.C it may not be possible or even
desirable to extinguish the fire completely.

Under such circumstances the aim is to achieve controlled


burning. Adequate control of such fires and also protection
of vessels and plant exposed to surrounding fire can be
achieved by properly designed medium velocity water spray
system.

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


HVWS System

With fire risks involving the medium and heavy oils, other
flammable liquids with flash points higher than 65 deg.C it
may be possible or even desirable to extinguish the fire
completely.

Extinguishment can be achieved by properly designed


High Velocity Water Spray System.

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


Criteria to be Considered as per OISD Norms
Vessels:
Uninsulated vessels containing class A or B flammable liquid having capacity
larger than 50 m3
Vessels inaccessible to fire tender/ mobile equipment, fire hydrants
Tanks:
Class 'A' petroleum storage in above ground tanks whether floating roof or
fixed roof
Class 'B' petroleum storage tanks of following dimensions shall be provided
with fixed water spray.
Floating roof tanks of diameter larger than 30 mtrs.
Fixed roof tanks of diameter larger than 20 mtrs
Pumps:
Pumps having petroleum product Class A under Pipe Rack.
Pump handling products above auto ignition temperature under piperack.

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


High Velocity (HV) Spray Nozzles

 Fire involving in liquids with flash points


65° C (150 ° F) & Above.

 Can be used where extinguishment by


emulsification is required.

 They produce Solid, Uniform, Dense


core of High velocity spray to effect fire
control.

 They are used to extinguish as well as


for cooling purpose

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


Characteristics of HV nozzles

 Open type nozzles with internal swirl


plate

 Produces a uniform cone of relatively


larger water droplets.

 Pressure Range 30 PSI to 80 PSI (2.1


bar to 5.5 bar).

 Individual inlet strainers

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


General Applications of HV nozzles

 Oil Filled Transformers

 Lube Oil Systems (Tanks, Pumps


etc).

 Chemical Process Equipments

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


Medium Velocity (MV) Spray Nozzles

 Fire involving in liquids with flash


points below 65° C (150 ° F).

 These nozzles are used in control


of burning & for giving exposure
protection.

 The nozzles may be oriented in


any direction.

 The water is discharged in


directional cone shaped pattern
of small droplet size.

 They cannot be used for


extinguishing purpose.

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


Characteristics of MV nozzles

 These are also open nozzles with


an external deflector

 Directional nozzles and can be


installed in any orientation

 They have defined spray angle.

 Pressure Range 20 PSI to 50 PSI


(1.4 bar to 3.5 bar).

 The spray profile produced is


uniform filled cone type.

 Coverage increases as the distance


from nozzle increases.

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


General Applications of MV nozzles

 Vessels

 Structures and miscellaneous


equipments.

 Cable trays & Cable Gallery.

 LPG Bullets and spheres

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


Types of System Actuation

 Wet Pilot Actuation – Hydraulic Trim Deluge Valve

 Dry Pilot Actuation – Pneumatic Trim Deluge Valve

 Electric Actuation – Electric Trim Deluge Valve

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


Wet Pilot Actuation

 Protection Piping are fitted with open


nozzles.

 Protection piping is normally dry.

 Detection is done using wet pilot


sprinklers.

 Detection system piping is normally


filled with water in wet pilot actuation.

 Once the Pilot sprinkler detects the


fire, sprinkler bulb will explode due to
rise in temp and water in detection
piping flows out thus releasing the
pressure in deluge valve.

 Water flows in to the protection piping


and delivers through spray nozzles and
extinguishes the fire.

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


Dry Pilot Actuation

 System Piping are fitted with


open nozzles.

 Protection piping is normally


dry.

 Detection is done using dry


pilot sprinklers.

 Detection system piping is


normally filled with air in dry
pilot actuation.

 Once the Pilot sprinkler detects


the fire, sprinkler bulb will
explode due to rise in temp
and air in detection piping
discharged out thus releasing
the pressure in deluge valve.

 Water flows in to the


protection piping and delivers
through spray nozzles and
extinguishes the fire.

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


Electric Actuation

 System Piping are fitted with


open nozzles.

 Protection piping is normally


dry.

 Detection here is by electrical


means by using Heat/Flame
Detectors.

 No Separate detection piping


required since it is electrical
detection .

 Once the detector detects fire,


signal is sent to Deluge valve
control panel (DVCP)

 Then the DVCP unit sends


signal to solenoid valve to open
the deluge valve.

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


Typical Spray System Protections for Transformers

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


Transformer without Fire Protection

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


General Guidelines for Design

Maximum horizontal spacing of pilot sprinklers for indoor locations


shall not exceed 12 ft (3.7 m).

The horizontal distance between pilot sprinklers installed outdoors


shall not exceed 8 ft (2.5 m).

Nozzle spacing (vertically or horizontally) shall not exceed 12 ft


(3.7 m).

The design shall ensure that the nozzle spray patterns meet or
overlap.

Where located under a ceiling, pilot sprinklers shall be positioned in


accordance with the requirements for automatic sprinklers in
NFPA13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


General Guidelines for Design

Single systems should be designed to limit flow rates to as small as


practicable.

Large systems should generally be limited to a discharge rate of 2500 gpm to


3000 gpm (9463 L/min to 11,355 L/min).

Spray pattern and nozzle type: Nozzles should be deluge spray


nozzles that form a full circle solid cone discharge.

Rundown shall not be considered for horizontal vessels

Water spray system equipment should be listed for their intended


use as required by NFPA 13 and NFPA 15.

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


General Guidelines for Design

 Water for the deluge spray systems should be provided by two


separate water supply connections for reliability. (One may be
a fire department connection if acceptable to the AHJ.)

 Water spray density should be designed to spread over evenly


to entire surface area.

 Maximum Elevation should not exceed for pilot sprinkler


detection as specified by the Deluge Valve Manufacturer.

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention


Questions?

SIP - LOSPE Environment & Loss prevention

You might also like