BCA 1

Computer Fundamental
Day 1 (Contents)
• Computer
• The Basic Advantages of a Computer
• Disadvantages of a Computer
• Basic Operations of a Computer
• Components of Computer
• Storing Devices
• Primary or Main Memory
• Secondary Memory
• Relation between Hardware and Software
• About Operating System
• Functions of an Operating System

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 Day -1
Computer- “A Computer is an electronic
machine. Combination of hardware and
software. Which can perform arithmetical
and logical operations at tremendous speed
with very high accuracy.”

“A Computer is programmed device with a set

of instructions to perform specific tasks and
generate results at a very high speed.”
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 Part Of Computer
Five part of computer
1.monitor

5.Speaker

2. CPU
(central
processing unit)

4.Mouse
3.Keyboard
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 The Basic Advantages of a Computer
1. Speed- It can perform huge amount of work in a
few seconds. Computer speeds are measured in
Microseconds, Nanoseconds and even in Pico
seconds.
2. Versatility- A Computer is capable of
performing almost every task.
3. Diligence-A Computer is free from tiredness and
lack of concentration.
4. Accuracy- The Computer is 100 % accurate and
capable to perform arithmetical calculation and
logical operations with the same accuracy.
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 Disadvantages of a Computer
1. Decision- Like a human being a computer can
not take any decision by itself as it does not have
thinking power .
2. Maintenance- It is an electronic device so
regular maintenance is required ; otherwise it will
not work properly .
3. Validation- A Computer by itself cannot validate
whether date is entered correctly or not.

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 Components of Computer
A computer system comprises Hardware and
Software.
Hardware is the physical medium whereas
Software consists of computer programs.
Components of computers are explained with
the help of the figure given below :

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 Computer

Hardware Software

Input Processing Output System Application

Device Unit Device Software Software

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Hardware- “The physical components of
the computer which are located inside the
cabinet are called Hardware .”
Ex. - Monitor, Speaker, Mouse, Keyboard, CPU

Software- “software is the program that

enables a computer to perform a specific
task , as opposed to the physical
components of the system.”
Ex.-Windows XP, Unix, Linux M-S Office etc.
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 Types of Hardware
Three types of Hardware
 Input Devices
 Processing Unit
 Output Devices
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 Definition of Input Device
“The devices used to feed data into computer
memory are known as input devices”.
“ Input devices are used to put data and
instructions in to the computer”.
Ex.-
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Game Controllers

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 Processing Unit
“The Unit which processed the data and
changes into information is known as
Processing Unit.”
The main brain of a
Computer system is the
central Processing Unit
(CPU)
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 Types of CPU
It can be divided into the following segments:

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Control Unit Arithmetic and Logic Unit

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 Control Unit (CU)
“It monitors flow of data from one area
to the other.”
Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU)
“It performs all the arithmetic and
logical operations under the program
control.”

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 Output Devices
“The devices by which the information is
flashed out are known as Output Devices.”
Ex-
 Monitor
 Printer
 Projector
 Speaker
 Plotter
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 Types of Software
Two types of software
System Software
Application Software
System Software
“The System by which the whole system
runs is called system Software.”
Ex- Windows xp, Unix, Linux etc.
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 Application Software
“Application Software enables a user
to perform a task”
Ex- Microsoft Office, Tally etc.

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 Storing Devices
“The Devices in which the data and
the instructions store is called
Storing Devices.”
Computer memory is divided into:

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 Storing Device

Primary Memory Secondary Memory

RAM ROM Hard Disk Compact Disk Pen Drive

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 Primary Memory
Primary memory is the main memory in a computer
in which data is stored for quick access by the
computer’s processor.
Types of Memory
Two types of main memory or primary memory
Ram (Random Access Memory)
Rom ( Read Only Memory)
 Ram(Random Access Memory)
Ram is volatile memory. It is also known
as temporary memory.
Rom (Read Only Memory)
It is a Computer memory like Ram but it
is permanently memory. It is also
known as non-volatile memory.

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 Secondary memory
“It is permanently memory. Its capacity with very high. It is also known as
non-volatile memory.”
Hard Disk- A hard disk or hard drive and formerly known as a fixed
disk is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data
on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces . Hard disk comes in
various sizes : 80 GB , 160 GB , 250 GB etc.
Compact Disk- The CD-ROM (Compact disc-Read only memory)
can store digital data. The advantages of this storage media are its high
capacity and durability.
Pen Drive- The small devices is designed for the easy transfer and
storage of huge amount of data and information between it and any
desktop or laptop computer that has a USB port.

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 Memory Measurement Unit
“The full form of BIT is Binary Digit . 8 bits make a byte
. Byte is the smallest storage units of memory that can
store a single character. Relation between different
storage units are given below:

4 Bits = 1 Nibble 1024 KB = 1 Megabyte (MB)

8 Bits = 1 Byte 1024 MB = 1 Gigabyte (GB)
1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte (KB) 1024 GB = 1 Tera Byte (TB)

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 Relation Between hardware
and Software
“Hardware and Software both are
complementary to each other , like
buyer & seller (both are dependent on
each other).Another point is that
hardware is a one-time expense but
software is a repetitive/recurring
expense.”
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 About Operating System
“Since the computer cannot understand user’s command ,
intermediate software is required to act as a translator
between the machine and user. This purpose is served by
the operating system (OS).
Function of an Operating System
The following are the main function of an operating system:
1. Resource Management
2. Memory Management
3. Command Interpretation

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