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Ipv4 vs. Ipv6: Anne-Marie Ethier Andrei Iotici

IPv6 was developed to replace IPv4 due to the shortage of available IPv4 addresses caused by the proliferation of Internet devices. IPv6 features a 128-bit address space allowing for many more addressable devices compared to IPv4's 32-bit addresses. It also includes improvements like increased security, autoconfiguration, and mobility support. The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is difficult but approaches like dual stacking and tunneling allow IPv6 to be used over existing IPv4 infrastructure.

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75 views21 pages

Ipv4 vs. Ipv6: Anne-Marie Ethier Andrei Iotici

IPv6 was developed to replace IPv4 due to the shortage of available IPv4 addresses caused by the proliferation of Internet devices. IPv6 features a 128-bit address space allowing for many more addressable devices compared to IPv4's 32-bit addresses. It also includes improvements like increased security, autoconfiguration, and mobility support. The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is difficult but approaches like dual stacking and tunneling allow IPv6 to be used over existing IPv4 infrastructure.

Uploaded by

lbillings1
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IPv4 vs.

IPv6

Anne-Marie Ethier
Andrei Iotici

"This report was prepared for Professor L. Orozco-Barbosa


in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course
ELG/CEG 4183“

March 12, 2002


Presentation Plan
Introduction
Major Advantages to IPv6
Addresses
Packet Headers
Autoconfiguration
Neighbor Discovery
Security
Difficult transition
Introduction
What is IP?
 The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or
protocol by which data is sent from one computer
to another on the Internet.
History
 In 1978, the Office of the Secretary of Defense
(OSD) mandated the use of IPv4 for all “host-to-
host” data exchange enabling IPv4 to become the
mechanism for the military to create integrated
versus stovepiped communications.
IP Address Shortage
Proliferation of Internet devices:
 405M mobile phones sold in 2000
 1B+ by 2005

New emerging populations:


 China, Korea, Japan, India, Russia
Solution = IPv6
Advantages to IPv6
Larger address space
Reduce end-to-end delay
Higher level of security
Mobility
No fragmentation
Network autoconfiguration
Address Formats
IPv4 IPv6
 32-bit  128 bits

Ex: 192.156.136.22 Ex:


1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A

Or in compressed format:
1080::8:800:200C:417A
IPv4 Classes

0 1 8 16 24 31
A 0 netid hostid

B 1 0 netid hostid

1 1 0 netid hostid
C
IPv6 Address Types
Unicast
 Global aggregatable
 Site local G lo b a l S i te - lo c a l L in k - lo c a l

 Link local
 IPv4 compatible

Anycast
Multicast
No more broadcast!
Unicast Addresses
An address for a single interface
 Global:
3 13 32 16 64

001 TLA ID NLA ID SLA ID Interface ID

TLA : Top-level aggregation


NLA : Next-level aggregation
SLA : Site-level aggregation

The interface ID is based on the MAC address.


Anycast
An address for a set of interfaces that
typically belong to different nodes.

96 bits 32 bits

0 Ipv4 address

0.0.0.0.0.0.192.168.30.1
= ::192.168.30.1
= ::C0AB:1E01 ---???
Multicast
An address for a set of interfaces (in a
given scope) that typically belong to
different nodes.
IPv4 Packet Header
The basic IPv4 packet header has 12
fields with a total size of 20 octets (160
bits).
IPv6 Packet Header
The basic IPv6 packet header has
8 fields with a total size of 40 octets
(320 bits).
Neighbor Discovery
Replaces ARP, ICMP, etc.
Used for
 Router discovery
 Parameter/Prefix discovery
 Address resolution
 Address auto-configuration
Can provide the means to renumber home
subnets by forwarding solicitations to other
subnets.
Autoconfiguration
Used by Neighbour Discovery
IPv6 no longer needs:
 ARP
 RARP

 DHCP

 BOOTP

Stateless vs. Stateful


Security
Authentication Header (AH)
 IPv6 datagrams not encrypted
 Keyed MD5 hashing algorithm proposed for standard
authentication algorithm
 Eliminates IP spoofing
 Eliminates Host Masquarading

Encapsulating Security Payload Header (ESP)


 Provides data integrity and confidentiality
 DES CBC encryption algorithm as standard (2 Modes)
 Tunnel Mode: Whole IP packet encrypted (including header)
 Transport Mode: Only payload encrypted
Difficult Transition
Some have already begun
experimenting with IPv6 on the internet
Dual IP layer
IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling
For timeline information of the transition
efforts, browse
http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ngtrans-charter.html
Questions
Q1- What is the main reason for the switch from IPv4 to IPv6?
A1- IP address shortage
Q2 - Name 2 IPv6 address types and describe the reasons why
they are used.
A2 – Unicast: An address for a single interface.
Anycast: An address for a set of interfaces that typically
belong to different nodes. Assigning a unicast address to more
than one interface makes a unicast address an anycast address
Multicast: An IPv6 multicast address is an identifier for a
set of interfaces that typically belong to different nodes. A
packet sent to a multicast address is delivered to all interfaces
identified by the multicast address.
Questions(next)
Q3 - Identify 2 differences between the IPv4 and IPv6
packet headers.
A3 – IPv6 IPv4
- 320 bits -160 bits
- 8 fields - 12 fields
- Flow Label - Checksum
Q4 - Explain the concept of "tunneling”
A4 - IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling offers the possibility to
encapsulate IPv6 packets within IPv4 headers in
order to carry them over IPv4 routing infrastructures.
Questions(next)
Q5 - Name the two main aspects in Internet security
and explain how their uses in IPv6.
A5 - Authentication Header (AH): only provides
authentication of the data packet and not encryption.
This is useful as a standalone when confidentiality is
not essential and only authentication is important.
Encapsulating Security Payload Header (ESP):
provides data encryption.
Bibliography
TechTarget, (2000), Internet Protocol, Retrieved February 24th, 2002 from
http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,sid7_gci214031,00.html
Deering, Stephen (2001), Future-Proofing the Internet, Retrieved February 24th, 2002 from
www.cisco.com/warp/public/756/industryanalysts/presentations/ipv6_presentations.pdf
Brig, Micheal (2002), A History of the Internet, Retrieved February 25th, 2002 from
http://ngi.spawar.navy.mil/history_of_internet.html
Schmid, Stefan (1998), IPv6 benefits, Retrieved February 24th, 2002 from
http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/computing/users/sschmid/Spie/node7.html
Osterman, Shawn (2002), Internet Addresses, Retrieved March 12th, 2002 from
http://oucsace.cs.ohio.edu/~osterman/class/cs444.archive/notes/chap4.pdf

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