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C1 Lesson 2 - Constructing Probability Distribution

This document provides examples of constructing probability distributions for discrete random variables. It defines a discrete probability distribution as consisting of the possible values a random variable can assume and the corresponding probabilities. Examples are given to illustrate determining the possible values and constructing the probability mass function for random variables representing the number of heads from coin tosses, defective cell phones from samples, and blue balls drawn from an urn.

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Teresa Navarrete
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829 views

C1 Lesson 2 - Constructing Probability Distribution

This document provides examples of constructing probability distributions for discrete random variables. It defines a discrete probability distribution as consisting of the possible values a random variable can assume and the corresponding probabilities. Examples are given to illustrate determining the possible values and constructing the probability mass function for random variables representing the number of heads from coin tosses, defective cell phones from samples, and blue balls drawn from an urn.

Uploaded by

Teresa Navarrete
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1:

Lesson 1:
CONSTRUCTING PROBABILIT
DISTRIBUTIONS
Review:
Find the probability of the
following
1. Getting events.
an even number in a
2. Getting
single a sum
roll of of 6 when two dice
a die.
3. Getting
are rolled. an ace when a card is
drawn
4. from a deck.
The probability that all children are
boys if a couple has three children.
5. Getting a sum 11 when two dice
6. Getting an odd number and a tail
when a die is rolled and a coin is
7. Getting
tossed a black card and a 10 when
simultaneuosly.
a card is drawn from a deck.
8. Getting a red queen when a card is
drawn from a deck.
9. Getting doubles when two dice are
rolled.
10. Getting a red ball from a box
containing 3 red and 6 black balls.
Getting
ready:
Decision-making is an important
aspect in business, education,
insurance and other real-life
situations. Many decisions aspects are
made by assigning probabilities to all
possible outcomes pertaining to the
situation and then evaluating the
Getting
ready:
For instance, an insurance company
might be able to assign probabilities
to the number of vehicles a family
owns. This information will help the
company in making decisions
regarding future financial situations.
This situation requires the use of
DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION Or
PROBABILITY MASS FUNCTION

- Consists of the values a random


variable can assume and the
corresponding probabilities of the
values.
PROPERTIES OF A PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
1. The probability of each of the
random variable must be between
or equal to 0 and 1. In symbol, we
write it as 0 ≤ P(X) ≤ 1.
2. The sum of the probabilities of all
values of the random variable must
be equal to 1. In symbol we write it
Activity #1:
Suppose three coins are tossed.
Let Y be the random variable
representing the number of
heads that occur. Find the
probability of each of the values
of the random variable Y.
Example:
POSSIBLE OUTCOME
VALUE OF THE RANDOM
VARIABLE (Y)
(Number of heads)
Therefore,
HH 3 the possible
values of
H
TTT 0
TT 1
H
TH 1 the random
T
TH
H
2
variable Y
HH 2
T
HT 2 are 0, 1, and
H
HT 1 3
The Probability Distribution or the
Probability Mass Function of Discrete
Random Variable Y
NUMBER OF HEADS (Y) PROBABILITY
P(Y)

0 1/8

1 3/8

2 3/8

3 1/8
Activity #2:
Suppose three cell phones tested at
random. Let D represent the defective
cell phone and N represent the non-
defective cell phone. If we let X be the
random variable for the number of
defective cell phones, construct the
probability distribution of the random
Example:
VALUE OF THE RANDOM
Therefore,
the possible
POSSIBLE OUTCOME VARIABLE (X)
(Number of defective cell
phones)
NN 0
N
NN
D
1 values of
the random
ND 1
N
DN 1
N
ND
D
2
variable X
DN 2
D
DD 2 are 0, 1, 2
N
DD
D
3
and 3
The Probability Distribution or the
Probability Mass Function of Discrete
Random Variable X
NUMBER OF DEFECTIVE CELL PHONES PROBABILITY
(X) P(X)

0 1/8

1 3/8

2 3/8

3 1/8
1 WHOLE SHEET OF
INTERMEDIATE PAD
QUIZ:
Two balls are drawn in succession
without replacement from an urn
containing 5 red balls and 6 blues
balls. Let Z be the random variable
representing the number of blue
balls, Find the values of the
Example:
POSSIBLE OUTCOME VALUE OF THE RANDOM VARIABLE (Z)
(Number of blue balls)

RR 0

RB 1

BR 1

BB 2

Therefore, the possible values of the


random variable X are 0, 1, and 2
The Probability Distribution or the
Probability Mass Function of Discrete
Random Variable Z
NUMBER OF BLUE BALLS (Z) PROBABILITY
P(Z)

0 1/4

1 1/2

2 1/4

3 1/8

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