UNIT 7 : PRINCIPLES OF
INTEGRAL EVALUATION
SUBTOPIC :
7.1 Integral by Parts
7.2 Integration Trigonometric Functions
7.3 Trigonometric Substitutions
7.4 Integrating Rational Functions by Partial
Fractions
7.1 Integration (By Parts Technique)
u dv uv v du
We need to make a judicious choice of u and dv to
make the right-hand side of the integration by parts
rule becomes the one you know how to integrate
Lo – Logarithm
Try this……. LoPeti P – Polynomial
e – Exponential
t – Trigonometric
i – Inverse trigonometric
The integration by parts method
udv uv vdu
A right choice of U and V :
i) Expression U is easy to differentiate
ii)Expression V is easy to integrate
Example 1
2 x 4
Find 3 xe dx
Solution
Set u = 3x and 2 x 4
dv e dx
2 x 4
e
du 3dx v
2
Solution (Continue…)
Using formula of integration by parts,
we obtain
2 x 4
2 x 4 3 2 x 4 3e
3 xe dx = xe dx
2 2
3 2 x 4 3 e 2 x 4
c
= xe
2 2 2
3 2 x 4 3 2 x 4
= xe e c
2 4
Example 2
4
Find x ln xdx
Solution
Let u = lnx and dv x 4 dx
du 1 x5
v
dx x 5
Therefore…
Solution (Continue…)
x5 x5 1
4
x ln xdx = ln x . dx
5 5 x
5
x 1 4
= ln x x dx
5 5
x5 x5
= ln x c
5 25
Example 3
Determine 2 x ln( 4 x 3)dx
Solution
dv
Let u = ln (4x – 3) and 2x
dx
du 4 2x 2
and v x2
dx 4 x 3 2
Then…
Solution (Continue…)
Therefore
4
2 x ln( 4 x 3) dx = x 2
ln( 4 x 3) .
x 2
dx
4x 3
2
4 x
= x ln( 4 x 3)
2
dx
2 4x 3
4x
To evaluate dx
4x 3
we can either use integration by substitution
or change it into a proper fraction first
(Using long division).
4x2 3 94
dx x dx
4x 3 4 4x 3
Solution (Continue…)
4x 2 3 94
dx = x dx
4x 3 4 4x 3
Therefore
2 x ln( 4 x 3)dx
1 9
= x ln( 4 x 3) 4 x 3
2
dx
4 4x 3
1 4 x 2
9 ln( 4 x 3)
= x ln( 4 x 3) 3x c
2
4 2 4
2
x 3x 9
= x ln( 4 x 3) ln( 4 x 3) c
2
2 4 16
Example 4
Example 5
2 x
Find x e dx
Solution
Set u = x2 and dv e x dx
du 2xdx and v = ex
Using formula, we have
2 x
x e dx = x e 2 xe dx
2 x x
Solution (Continue…)
x
We find xe dx by parts.
Again setting
u = xe and x
dv e dx
du dx and ve x
therefore
xe dx = xe e dx
x x x
Solution (Continue…)
Consequently,
2 x
e dx = x 2 e x 2 xe x dx
x
=
x 2 e x 2 xe x e x dx
= x e 2xe 2e c
2 x x x
Example 6
Evaluate
x3
x
dx
Solution
Let u=x and dv 3 x dx
3x
Then du dx and v
ln 3
Substitution in formula, yields
x x
3 3
dx x ln 3 ln 3 dx
x
x 3
x3 x 3x
2
c
ln 3 (ln 3)
1.3 Integration (By Parts Technique)
Example 7
Find 2 x 2
e x
dx
Solution :
dv
Set u=2+ x2 and ex
dx
du
2x and
dx ve x
Using formula, we have
2 x
2 x
e dx = 2 x
2 x
e 2 xe x
dx
Solution (Continue…)
xe dx
x
We find by parts.
Again setting
dv
u=x and ex
dx
du
1 and v = ex
dx
therefore
dx xex e x dx
x
xe =
Solution (Continue…)
Consequently,
2 x
2
e dx
x
= 2 x2 e x 2xexdx
= 2 x2 e x 2xex e xdx
= 2 x e
2 x
2 xe 2e c
x x
= x e 2xe 4e c
2 x x x
Exercise 1
Find the integrals below
xe2 x e 2 x
xe
2x
a) dx C
A 2 4
N 3x 1
x3
x
b) dx
S x C
ln 3 ln 3
W
c) x x 1 dx
2 4
E x( x 1) ( x 1) 2 C
3 5
2
R 3 15
S x2 x2
d) x ln x dx 2
ln x
4
C
