Subject + Verb

Sentence Patterns
© Yosaand

Basic English Sentences

A. Alzuhdy

© Yosa A. Alzuhdy, M.Hum.

Structure

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English Literature Study

— English

Program
© YosaDept.
A. Alzuhdy - UNY

Yogyakarta State University

[email protected]
 Sentence Main Elements
2 SUBJECT PREDICATE Auxiliary Verbs
Various types of Verbs (+do, does, did)
Kata Ganti (Pronouns)
Sentence Patterns and Structure

I, You, We, They, He, She, It Vb1 (+ s/es) Simple Present Tense
This, Those, Who, What… Vb2 Past Tense (sama untuk seluruh Subject)
Kata Benda (Nouns)
am Adjective Kalimat Nominal
An elephant, Cars, Students
is Noun (Tidak meyatakan
Information, Education
are Adverb (prep.phrase) kegiatan/action)
+ Adverbs:
+
Kelp. Kt. Benda (Noun Phrases) was Vb-ing Continuous/sedang berlangsung- Frequency
One of the new students were Vb3 Passive (Subj dikenai tindakan)
- Manner
Members of our parliament (to be) infinitive Keharusan/kepastian/fungsi- Place
Some of the information - Time
The women who work there - Purpose
The bus arriving from Bali will, can, may, must - Reason
Verb dalam
A letter written by Maria would, could, should + stem verb bentuk - dasar
Degree
My brother and I (modals) - Sequence
- etc
© Yosa A. Alzuhdy - UNY

Kt. Kerja (Gerund/To infinitive)

Studying English have Object/Noun Simple Present/Past (mempunyai)
Fishing in the lake has + Vb3 Perfect tenses (sudah)
To understand this topic had infinitive Keharusan/kewajiban
To get an 'A' grade
 1: SUBJECTS and VERBS
3

All sentences must have Subject + Verb as the basic elements.

Sentence Patterns and Structure

Some of the information is incorrect.

Members of our parliament support the RUU.
The bus arriving from Bali was 2 hours late.
He always comes on time to every meeting.
They didn’t like the busy schedule.
Subject and Verb MUST NOT BE DOUBLED in a sentence.
The old man he went to Medan.
The train was running fast came towards them.
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Except in compound or complex sentences: Return

The man and his three children were running towards her.
He phoned me while I was lying on the bed reading a book.
 Changes of VERBS
4

Stem Vb Infinitive Vb+s/es Vb-ing Vb2 Vb3

Sentence Patterns and Structure

STUDY to study studies studying studied studied

OPEN to open opens opening opened opened
WRITE to write writes writing wrote written
GO to go goes going went gone
HAVE to have has having had had
COME to come comes coming came come
CUT to cut cuts cutting cut cut
© Yosa A. Alzuhdy - UNY

BE to be is/am/are being was/were been

Return
 Simple Present Tense
5

SUBJECT+ Vb1
Sentence Patterns and Structure

I You We They + Stem Verb ; He She It + Vb+s/es

All of the students like to come home earlier.

Budi doesn’t want to attend the meeting.
This machine works well to all appliances.
He always goes to campus on foot.
They don’t understand this lesson at all.
© Yosa A. Alzuhdy - UNY

She go. He is go. He is goes. We goes. They are go.

They to go. She going. He cans go. She always go.
Return
 Simple Past Tense
6

SUBJECT+ Vb2
Sentence Patterns and Structure

I You We They He She It + Vb2

All of the students enjoyed swimming.

Budi didn’t want to join the Students Club.
This machine worked well to all appliances.
He usually went to campus on foot.
She didn’t understand the previous lesson at all.
© Yosa A. Alzuhdy - UNY

They didn’t went. She doesn’t goes. I didn’t to go.

Return
 Nominal Sentences
7

Subject + Verb + Complement

Sentence Patterns and Structure

Verb  to be : is, am, are, was, were, must be, has been …
or Linking Verbs : become, look, seem, appear, taste, smell
sound, feel, get…
The VERBS are STATIVE, showing situation/condition, NOT activities.
Complement: Adjective, Noun, Adverb
She
–––––––
Subj
is –––––––––-––––––––––––
–––
Vb
an architect.
Compl (Noun) S Vb

He works .in this office.
Adv
He is … ???
in this office.
The student seemed upset all
–––––––––––––––––---–––– ––––––––––-––– ––––––––––
day long.
––––––––––––––––––––
Subject Verb Comp (Adj) Adverb S V C:Adv

Our rector is from the… ???Faculty of Education.

–––––––––––––––––––– ––– –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Subject Vb Compl (Adverb/Prepositional Phrase)
© Yosa A. Alzuhdy - UNY

The boys are new students of Yogyakarta State University.

–––––––––––––––– ––––––– –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Subject Verb Complement (Noun Phrase)

The soup tastes hot and salty.

–––––––––––––––––– ––-------––––– –––––––––––––––––––––––––
Subject Verb Comp (Adjective) Return
 Continuous
8

To Be + Vb-ing
Sentence Patterns and Structure

penekanan pada kejadian yang SEDANG BERLANGSUNG

We are studying English. (Present Continuous)

The student is writing on her book. (Present Cont.)
She was watching TV at 10 last night. (Past Cont.)
They were talking about World Cup. (Past Cont.)
I will be studying at 10 tonight. (Future Cont.)
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He going to Bali. I am study in YSU.

The lecturer was taught us English yesterday.
Return
 Passive Structures
9

TO BE + Vb 3 = Kalimat Pasif
Sentence Patterns and Structure

Subject dikenai suatu tindakan (oleh seseorang yang lain)

The news is broadcasted through all channels.

These facilities are provided by the faculty.
Some students weren’t invited to the party.
The letter was written by the Maria.
The children are being scolded for playing truant.
The minister might be reexamined by “Pansus”.
© Yosa A. Alzuhdy - UNY

Our assignment will be scored after two weeks.

The LCD projector has been turned on by him. Return
 BE + INFINITIVE
10

TO BE + TO INFINITIVE
Sentence Patterns and Structure

Keharusan / Rencana / Fungsi

The champions are to meet the committee.

Mr. Bambang was to go to Bali yesterday.
The assignment is to be submitted by Friday.
This knife is to cut off the bones.

She was went to Bali. They are study English.

© Yosa A. Alzuhdy - UNY

He is feels sleepy. We are bought some fruit.

Return
 Modals and Verbs
11

MODALS + STEM VERB

Sentence Patterns and Structure

Harus diikuti bentuk dasar Verb, tidak boleh jenis kata lain.

I will sleep right after this class has finished.

Mahmud can finish the assignment easily.
She must be happy to hear this information.
The girl will be taken into the hospital.
He might be listening to the music.
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You should have submitted your self-identity.

She must crazy. He can going. I would went.
Return
 Have-Has-Had = Vb1 / Vb2
12

HAVE + Noun/Object  sebagai FULL VERB

Sentence Patterns and Structure

Disesuaikan dengan Subject (singular/plural) dan Tenses.

That handsome boy has five girlfriends.

The student doesn’t have any pen to write.
We have rice, salad and fried fish for dinner.
She is having lunch at the café.
They were having fun at the party last night.
My brother will have another baby this month.
© Yosa A. Alzuhdy - UNY

I had two meetings at the same time yesterday.

He didn’t have anything to pay his debt. Return
 Perfect Tenses
13

HAVE/HAS/HAD + Vb3 (Past Participle)

Sentence Patterns and Structure

Perfect Tenses: sudah selesai (:tidak boleh ada ket.waktu lampau)

We have learned Basic English Sentences.
She has submitted her assignment via BeSmart.
They had gone home before I arrived.
The girl has been waiting here for 3 hours.
Her sister has been in Paris since last year.
His motorcycle has been sold to pay his debt.
© Yosa A. Alzuhdy - UNY

The boy must have studied hard to do the task.

The boy studied hard to do it last night. Return
 HAVE TO = MUST
14

Have to = Must // Don’t have to  Mustn’t

Sentence Patterns and Structure

Keharusan / Keyakinan / Kepastian

She has to come home tomorrow.= She must come..
We have to wait for him. = We must wait …
They had to sign up for BeSmart last week.
You should have to be able to access it by now.
She doesn’t have to come home now. (optional)
She can come now, or tomorrow, or at another time.
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 She mustn’t come home now. (prohibition)

She cannot come home now. She may come another time.
Return
 SUBJECT and VERBS
See the example :
Sentence Patterns and Structure

_______ was ringing continuously for hours.

(A) Loudly
(B) In the morning
(C) The phone
(D) The bells

Notice immediately the VERB: … was ringing …

but there is NO SUBJECT.

Subject: NOUN, PRONOUN, NOUN PHRASE/CLAUSE, VERB-ING, TO-INF.

The verb starts with a singular to be: WAS, so the Subject must be
SINGULAR
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 The answer is C: The phone (singular noun).

 OTHER EXAMPLES
Newspapers _______ every morning and every evening.
Sentence Patterns and Structure

(A) delivery
(B) are delivered
(C) on time
(D) regularly
Missing VERB…
The only verb in options is B: are delivered (in the passive form).

The plane _______ landing at the airport in five minutes.

(A) it is
(B) it really is
(C) is descending
(D) will be
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Missing Predicate… Remember that Verb-ing cannot be Predicate directly,

but should be preceded with TO BE  Continuous.
A: double subject; B: double subject; C: double Verb-ing D: Correct (future)
Sentence Patterns and Structure

missing Verb: is; has always been; etc.

I
missing Subject: He
I
missing verb: paying  was paying; paid; must pay; etc
C
I
missing Subject: she; he; etc
C
I
© Yosa A. Alzuhdy - UNY

missing Verb: is; was; seems; might be; etc.

I
missing Subj+Vb: He is; We are; etc. Or: Add Vb: Walking..is fun, is exhausting, etc.
C
Return
 OBJECTS of PREPOSITIONS
Objects of prepositions are adverbs or complements of the sentences,
Sentence Patterns and Structure

and CANNOT function as SUBJECTS, although it contains Nouns.

The young man met the professor yesterday. Subject: The young man
For the young man, the professor is a legend. Subj: the professor
The book lies under the table. = Under the table lies the book.
Example: To Mike _______ was a big surprise.
(A) really
(B) the party
(C) funny
(D) when
Notice that To Mike cannot be subject because it is preceded by to 
Object of Preposition; functions as adverb.
© Yosa A. Alzuhdy - UNY

There is a Verb (was a big surprise), so we should find SUBJECT.

Subject: NOUN, PRONOUN, NOUN PHRASE/CLAUSE, VERB-ING, TO-INF.

Answer  B: the party.
 OTHER EXAMPLES
Homo Sapiens _______ about 40,000 years ago.
(A) their first appearance
(B) first appeared
Sentence Patterns and Structure

(C) first appearing

(D) they first appeared
There is a subject (Homo Sapiens), but there is NO VERB.
_______ replaced the Franklin half dollar in 1964.
(A) The Kennedy half dollar
(B) The half dollar featured Kennedy
(C) On the Kennedy half dollar
(D) The Kennedy half dollar that
There is a verb/predicate (replaced), but NO SUBJECT.

With his friend _______ found the movie theater.

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(A) has
(B) when
(C) later
(D) he
 C
I
missing Subject+Verb: e.g. She was thinking
I
Sentence Patterns and Structure

C Missing Verb: is; was; might be; should not be; etc
© Yosa A. Alzuhdy - UNY
Sentence Patterns and Structure © Yosa A. Alzuhdy - UNY