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CE-324 Lecture 1: Mohr Circle and Pole Method For Calculating Stresses

1) The document discusses calculating normal and shear stresses on a plane using the Mohr circle method. It presents equations to relate normal and shear stresses on a plane oriented at an angle to the principal stress planes. 2) The key equations are presented to construct the Mohr circle, with the center located at (σ1+σ3)/2, 0) and radius of (σ1-σ3)/2. 3) Methods are described to determine the principal stresses σ1 and σ3 from the measured normal and shear stresses on different planes using properties of the Mohr circle.

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Wajahat Saadat
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
92 views16 pages

CE-324 Lecture 1: Mohr Circle and Pole Method For Calculating Stresses

1) The document discusses calculating normal and shear stresses on a plane using the Mohr circle method. It presents equations to relate normal and shear stresses on a plane oriented at an angle to the principal stress planes. 2) The key equations are presented to construct the Mohr circle, with the center located at (σ1+σ3)/2, 0) and radius of (σ1-σ3)/2. 3) Methods are described to determine the principal stresses σ1 and σ3 from the measured normal and shear stresses on different planes using properties of the Mohr circle.

Uploaded by

Wajahat Saadat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE-324 Lecture 1

Mohr circle and Pole method for calculating


stresses

1
Normal and shear stresses on a plane 2

sz sn
tnsinq tn q sncosq
tzx
D C q
F sx tncosq snsinq

sn tn F
E q txz
A B sx

q txz
E tzx B

EB  EF cosq sz
FB  EF sin q
Normal and shear stresses on a plane 3

sn tn F
tnsinq tn sn sncosq
q sx
q
q txz
tncosq snsinq E tzx B
Assume
Summing force components in horizontal dir. sz element
thickness is t
 t zx .EB.t  s x .FB.t  s n sin q .EF.t  t n cos q .EF.t  0
 t zx .EF cosq  s x .EF sin q  s n sin q .EF  t n cos q .EF  0
s n sin q  t n cosq  t zx cosq  s x sin q Eq. 1

Summing force components in vertical dir. and simplifying

s n cosq  t n sin q  s z cosq  t xz sin q Eq. 2


Normal and shear stresses on a plane 4

Eliminating tn from Eq. 1 and 2. Multiply Eq. 1 with sinq and Eq.
2 with cosq and add
s n sin 2 q  t n cos q sin q  t zx cos q sin q  s x sin 2 q
s n cos 2 q  t n cos q sin q  s z cos 2 q  t xz cos q sin q
s n cos 2 q  sin 2 q   s z cos 2 q  s x sin 2 q  2t xz cos q sin q
s n  s z cos 2 q  s x sin 2 q  t xz sin 2q
1  cos 2q and sin 2 q  1  cos 2q
since cos q 
2

2 2
1  cos 2q 1  cos 2q
sn sz s x  t xz sin 2q
2 2
s z s x s z s x
sn   cos 2q  t xz sin 2q
2 2
Normal and shear stresses on a plane 5

Eliminating σn from Eqs. 1 and 2. Multiply Eq. 1 with cosq and


Eq. 2 with sinq and subtract
s n cos q sin q  t n cos 2 q  t zx cos 2 q  s x cos q sin q
 s n cos q sin q  t n sin 2 q  s z cos q sin q  t xz sin 2 q

  
 t n cos 2 q  sin 2 q  s x  s z  cos q sin q  t zx cos 2 q  sin 2 q 
sin 2q
 t n  s x  s z   t zx cos 2q
2

 s z s x 
tn    sin 2q  t zx cos 2q
 2 
Normal and shear stresses on a plane 6

Stresses on a plane oriented at angle q to horizontal plane


s z s x s z s x
sq   cos 2q  t zx sin 2q
2 2
s z s x
tq  sin 2q  t zx cos 2q
2
Stresses on a plane oriented at angle q to major principal stress
plane s  s 3 s1  s 3
sq  1  cos 2q
2 2
s s3 sz
tq  1 sin 2q
2
sq tzx
tq
sx
q
q txz
Normal and shear stresses on a plane 7

s1  s 3 s1  s 3 s1  s 3 s1  s 3
sq   cos 2q sq   cos 2q
2 2 2 2
s1  s 3   s1  s 3 
2 2

Taking square s q     cos 2q (i)
2

 2   2 
s1  s 3
t q 2   s 1  s 3 
2
tq  sin 2q Taking square sin 2 2q (ii)
2  2 
Adding equations (i) and (ii)

s1  s 3   s1  s 3 
2 2

s q    t q  0   
2

 2   2 
The above is equation for a circle with a radius of (s1 – s3)/2 and its
center at [(s1 + s3)/2 , 0]. When this circle is plotted in ts space, it
is known as the Mohr circle of stress.
Normal and shear stresses on a plane 8

s1  s 3 s1  s 3 s1  s 3
sq   cos 2q tq  sin 2q
2 2 2
sz

If we square and add these sq tzx


tq
equations, we will obtain the sx
equation for a circle with a radius q
of (s1 – s3)/2 and its center at q txz
[(s1 + s3)/2 , 0].

When this circle is plotted in ts


space, it is known as the Mohr
circle of stress.
Mohr’s circle for stress states 9

B (sx,txz) sz
tzx
txz sx
O D (s3,0) C E (s1,0)
2y txz
txz A (sz,txz)
B (sx,-tzx)

(sx+sz)/2 A (sz,-tzx) Assumption


(sz  sx)/2 • s z > sx
• counterclock
s x s z   s z s x  wise shear is
2

OC    R  AC     t xz
2
+ive
 2   2 
Mohr’s circle – principal stresses 10

B (sx,tzx) sz
tzx
txz sx
O D (s3,0) C E (s1,0) y
2y txz
txz  2t zx 
tan 2y    
 s z s x 
(sx+sz)/2 A (sz,-txz)
(sz  sx)/2
s z s x   s z s x 
2

s 1  OE  OC  CE        t zx
2

 2   2 
Principal stresses
s z s x   s z s x 
2

s 3  OE  OC  DC       t zx
2

 2   2 
Mohr’s circle – Pole 11

B (sx,tzx) sz
tzx
sx
O D (s3,0) C E (s1,0) y
2y txz

 2t zx 
tan 2q    
Pole, P A (sz,-txz)  s z s x 

The stress sz acts on horizontal plane & the stress sx acts on the
vertical plane.
If we draw these planes in Mohr’s circle, they intersect at a point, P.
Point P is called the pole of the stress circle.
Mohr’s circle – Pole 12

B (sx,tzx) sz
tzx
sx
O D (s3,0) C E (s1,0) y
2y txz

y
Pole, P A (sz,-txz)

It is a special point because any line passing through the pole will
intersect Mohr’s circle at a point that represents the stress on a
plane parallel to the line.
Example 1 13

Stresses on an element are shown in the Figure below. Find the


normal stress s and the shear stress t on the plane inclined at
a = 35o from the horizontal reference plane.
14
Example 2 15

The same element as shown in previous example is rotated 20o


from the horizontal, as shown below. Find the normal stress s and
the shear stress t on the plane inclined at a = 35o from the base of
the element.
16

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