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Basic SQL Commands

DML,DCL,DDL,TCL COMMANDS FUNCTIONS Aggregate function Scalar function INNER OR OUTER JOINS(LEFT,RIGHT)

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Mashahil Muhammed
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28 views

Basic SQL Commands

DML,DCL,DDL,TCL COMMANDS FUNCTIONS Aggregate function Scalar function INNER OR OUTER JOINS(LEFT,RIGHT)

Uploaded by

Mashahil Muhammed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic SQL COMMANDS

MUHAMMED MASHAHIL P
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
CAS VAZHAKKAD
Sqlstatements

• Query or command to perform a task ina


database
4 type
1. DDL
2. DML
3. DCL
4. TCL
DDL

Data definitionlanguage
• Create
• Alter
• Drop
• truncate
Create
Syntax in mysql
CREATETABLE table_name
(
column_name1 data_type(size), column_name2 data_type(size),
....
);Example
create table tbl_stock (
pk_int_stock_id int auto_increment, vchr_name varchar(20),
int_quantity int,
int_price int,
primary key(pk_int_stock_id)
);
Alter

Syntax in mysql
Alter table table_name modify column
column_name data_type;
Example
alter table tbl_stock modify columnint_price
float;
Drop

Syntax in mysql
Drop table table_name;
Example
Drop table tbl_student;
Truncate

Syntax in mysql
Truncate table table_name;
Example
Truncate table tbl_student;
DML

Data manipulationlanguage
• Select
• Insert
• Update
• delete
Select

Syntax in mysql
Select * from table_name;
Example
Select * from tbl_stock;
Insert

Syntax in mysql
insert into table_namevalues
( );
Example
insert into tbl_stock values
(NULL,"mouse",10,500,1);
Update

Syntax in mysql
Update table_name set column_name=
Example
• update tbl_stock set int_price=int_price+1.50;
delete

Syntax in mysql
Delete from table_name;
Example
Delete from tbl_stock;

Difference between delete and truncate??


DCL

Data control language


• Grant
• Revoke
Grant

Syntax in mysql
GRANTprivilege_type ON table_name TO
‘user_name'@'localhost';
Example
GRANTselect ON tbl_supplier TO
'john'@'localhost';
Revoke

Syntax in mysql
REVOKEprivilege_type ON table_name FROM
‘user_name'@'localhost';
Example
REVOKEselect ON tbl_supplier FROM
'suhail'@'localhost';
TCL

Transaction Control language


• Commit
• rollback
functions

• Built in function-perform calculation ondata


1. Aggregate function
2. Scalar function
Aggregate function

• Return a single value for all the values in the


column after calculation
AVG()
Mysql syntax
Select avg(coulmn_name) from table_name;
Example
Select avg(int_salary) from employee;

COUNT(),FIRST(),LAST(),MAX(),MIN(),SUM()
Group by

• To group the result set by one or more column


• Often used in conjunction with aggregate
function
Syntax in mysql
SELECTcolumn_name, aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM table_name
GROUPBYcolumn_name;
Example
Select vchr_city,sum(mark) from tbl_student group byvchr_city;
Scalarfunction

• Return single value for each value in acolumn


UCASE()
Syntax in mysql
Select UCASE(column_name) from table_name;
Example
Select UCASE(first_name) from tbl_student;

• LCASE(),MID(),LEN(),ROUND(),NOW(),FORMAT()
Joins

• Used to combine rows from two or more


tables
Different joins
• inner join
• Left join
• Right join
Inner join
• Returns all rows when there is at leastone
match in BOTHtables
Syntax in mysql
Select column_name(s) from table1 join table2 on
table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
Pk_int_dept_id Vchr_dept_name
1 CS
2 EC
3 EE
4 MECH

pk_int_class_id Vchr_class_name int_dept_id


1 CS100 1
2 CC300 5
3 EC100 2
4 MECH100 4

Example
select vchr_dept_name,vchr_class_name,pk_int_dept_id,int_dept_id from
tbl_dept join tbl_classes on tbl_dept.pk_int_dept_id=tbl_classes.int_dept_id;
The result set will be

Vchr_departmen Vchr_class_name Pk_int_dept_id int_dept_id


t_ name
CS CS100 1 1
EC EC100 2 2
MECH MECH100 4 4
Left join
• returns all rows from the left table (table1), with the matching
rows in the right table(table2).
• Syntax in mysql
SELECTcolumn_name(s)
FROM table1
LEFTJOINtable2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
Pk_int_dept_id Vchr_dept_name
1 CS
2 EC
3 EE
4 MECH

Pk_int_class_id Vchr_class_name int_dept_id


1 CS100 1
2 EC100 2
3 CC100 5
4 MECH100 4

select vchr_dept_name,vchr_class_name,pk_int_dept_id,int_dept_id from


tbl_dept LEFTjoin tbl_classes on
tbl_dept.pk_int_dept_id=tbl_classes.int_dept_id;
The result will be

Vchr_dept_na Vchr_class_na Pk_int_dept_i int_dept_id


me me d
CS CS100 1 1
EC EC100 2 2
EE NULL 3 NULL
MECH MECH100 4 4
Right join
• Return all rows from the right table, and the matched rows from the left
table
Syntax in mysql
SELECTcolumn_name(s)
FROM table1
RIGHTJOINtable2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
Pk_int_dept_id Vchr_dept_name
1 CS
2 EC
3 EE
4 MECH

Pk_int_class_id Vchr_class_name int_dept_name


1 CS100 1
2 EC100 2
4 MECH100 4

select vchr_dept_name,vchr_class_name,pk_int_dept_id,int_dept_id from


tbl_dept RIGHT join tbl_classes on
tbl_dept.pk_int_dept_id=tbl_classes.int_dept_id;
The result will be

Vchr_dept_na Vchr_class_na Pk_int_dept_i int_dept_id


me me d
CS CS100 1 1
EC EC100 2 2
MECH MECH100 4 4
NULL CC100 NULL 5
Thankyou

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