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Natural Numbers: The Numbers 1,2, 3, 4, . Used For Counting Are Natural Peano Postulates: PI. 1 N 1 Is A Natural Number

Natural numbers are the counting numbers 1, 2, 3, etc. and satisfy certain properties under addition and multiplication outlined by Peano's postulates. Integers include both positive and negative whole numbers and zero. Rational numbers can be expressed as fractions p/q, while irrational numbers cannot. Real numbers include all rational and irrational numbers. Imaginary numbers involve the square root of negative one, and complex numbers combine real and imaginary parts. Later problems involve determining the truth values of statements about number properties and performing arithmetic operations on different number types.

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Mahbubul Islam Koushick
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25 views5 pages

Natural Numbers: The Numbers 1,2, 3, 4, . Used For Counting Are Natural Peano Postulates: PI. 1 N 1 Is A Natural Number

Natural numbers are the counting numbers 1, 2, 3, etc. and satisfy certain properties under addition and multiplication outlined by Peano's postulates. Integers include both positive and negative whole numbers and zero. Rational numbers can be expressed as fractions p/q, while irrational numbers cannot. Real numbers include all rational and irrational numbers. Imaginary numbers involve the square root of negative one, and complex numbers combine real and imaginary parts. Later problems involve determining the truth values of statements about number properties and performing arithmetic operations on different number types.

Uploaded by

Mahbubul Islam Koushick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number System There are innumerable

number of numbers
Number Line: between each whole number
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Natural Numbers : The numbers 1,2 ,3, 4,…. Used for counting are natural
numbers. 0, -7, 13.2, ⅞ are not.
Peano Postulates: PI. 1 N => 1 is a natural number
PII. For any n  N, there is n* (i.e., a number n +1)
PIII. If n, m N, and m* = n*, then m = n
PIV. Any subset S of N is equal to N, if 1 N and mS
Basic laws: (symbol:  = for all or every)
Closure Law: for m, n N, m + n N
Cumulative Law: m + n = n + m  m, nN
Associate Law: m + (n + p) = (m + n) + p m, n, p N
Cancellation Law: m + p = n + p => m = n m, n, p N
Trichotomy Law: one and only one of the following is possible:
(a) m = n; (b) m > n; or (c) m < n
Transitive Law: m >n and n >p => m >p
Anti-Symmetric Law: m >n and m >n => m = n
Monotone property Law: m >n => m +p > n+ p and m > n => mp >np for
any m, n, p belonging to N
Number System
Integers: Whole numbers positive, negative or zero. +14, –29, 0
are integers; √7, 0.564, ¾ are not integers.
Odd numbers: 3, 5, 29; Even numbers: 4, 80, 38 etc
Prime Numbers: an integer other than 0 and 1 is a prime if and
only if its divisors (without reminder) are 1 and the number itself.
Ex: 3, 59, 83 etc.
Rational number: a number that can be expressed in the form p/q,
where p and q are any integer and q ≠ 0. Ex: ⅞, 3, 2.5,–¾ etc.
Rational numbers can be expressed in decimal form, both
terminating and non-terminating. Ex: 4/5 (terminating) or, 10/3,
29/ (both non-terminating, either recurring or non-recurring)
7
Irrational numbers: cannot be expressed in the form p/q as the
rational numbers can be. Ex: √3, (2 + √5) etc. √8 is irrational but 3 8
Is not.
All the types of numbers stated above are real numbers. There are
also imaginary numbers. Standard imaginary number is 1 = i and
i2 = –1, i3 = –i i4 =1, i5 = i Explain the concepts of complex
numbers (a + ib) and complex conjugate numbers.
Number System
Illustrations and Problems ab ab
For any two real number a and b, there is 2 such that a < <b
2
3  2i 3  2i (3  2i )(5  3i )
Solve: Solution: = find the answer, explain
5  3i 5  3i (5  3i )(5  3i )

the idea of rationalization.


Problem: Find the square root of 6 + 8 1 .
Solution: 6 + 8 1 = 6 + 8i and let the square root of 6 + 8i = a + ib i.e.,
6  8i = a + ib => 6 + 8i = (a2 – b2) + 2iab, from where,
16
a2 – b2= 6 …(1) and 8i = 2iab or, ab = 4 => b2= 2 ; putting the value of b2
a
16
in (1), a2 – 2 = 6 or, a4 – 6a2 – 16 = 0, solving which we get a2 = 8 and
a
using this in (i), b2 = 2 making a = √8 and b = √2
Therefore, 6  8i =  (√8 + i√2)
Number System: Problems
Which of the following statements are true and which ones are false?
a. Every real number is a rational number Ans a. F; b. T; c. T; d. F
b. Every irrational number is a real number e. T; f. F; g. T; h. F
c. A real number is either rational or irrational i. T; j. F; k. F; l. F
m. T n. T
d. There can be a real number which is both rational and irrational
o. T p. T
e. The product of two rational numbers is rational
f. The sum of two irrational numbers is irrational [(p + √q) + p – √q)]
g. The product of two odd integers is an odd integer
h. For any real number x there is a real number y such that xy = 1
[y =0, xy ≠ 1]
i. If x is rational and y is irrational, then xy is irrational
j. If x < y, then x2 < y2 [– 1< 1 but (– 1)2 > 1]
k. If x > 0, then x2 > x [x = ½ >0 but ½2 > ½]
l. Quotient of natural numbers is natural
m. If a > b and c > o, then ac > bc
n. If a ≤ b and b ≤ a, then a = b
o. If a > b then a = b + c, where c is any possible number
p. If a > 0 and b > 0, then a2 > b2 in all cases. [True if a > b]
Number System: Problems
Which of the following statements are true and which ones are false?
a. If a < b then a  a  b  b
b. a  c  ad  bc 2 Ans:
b d a. T b. T c. 41 + 13i
c. Multiply 4 – 3i by 3 + 7i d. −8/29 e. 3 + i

3  2i 3  2i
d. Simplify 
2  3i 2  3i

9  7i
e. Simplify:
2  3i

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