INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

(Session January-June 2017)

NEW BUS STAND CONSTRUCTION IN ROHRU (H.P)
Enrollment No. – 2013UGCE041
Name of Student-PIYUSH KALTA
Year/Semester- 4th Year /8th Semester
Name of Organization- KRISHAN KUMAR THAKUR

(January to June, 2017)

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of Degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
BAHRA UNIVERSITY, WAKNAGHAT
 The building is defined as any structure what so ever
purpose and of whatsoever materials constructed and
ever part there of whether used as human habitation
or not.

 For this practical training , I reported at New bus
Stand Rohru , at construction of Bus Stand Buildings ,
in response to Mr. Krishan Kumar Thakur dated In
connection with same, I have reported to Mr.
Aashutosh Chaushan (General Manager) at Rohru,
furthers ordered me to join project site. The site
incharge Mr. Prateek Sharma meet me at the site and
gives me brief introduction of this project as under.
 It takes 2 hours, 15 minutes to travel from New Bus
Stand Shimla to Rohru. Approximate driving distance
between New Bus Stand Shimla and Rohru is 113 kms or
70.2 miles or 61 nautical miles . Travel time refers to the
time taken if the distance is covered by a car.
 On the table above you can see driving distance in various
units namely kilo metres, miles and nautical miles.
 1 Mile is about 1609 metres. 1 Nautical Mile is exactly 1852
metres.
 You can view the route map below. Click and zoom on the
map to understand the route better and plan better for
your trip.
 1. GENERAL
 1.1 Name of work Construction of New Bus Stand building.

 1.2 Name of zone Rohru H.P

 1.3 Name of division Shimla Himachal Pradesh

 2. LOCATION OF THE LAND

 2.1 Location Rohru Shimla (H.P)

 3. BRIEF SPECIFICATIONAs received from Chief Architect

 3.1 Foundation concrete: Design mix concrete M-25
 3.2 Foundation: R.C.C. Raft foundation having slab
thickness 700 mm.
 The planning of the building has the most important role in the
civil engineering because well designed building has the
comfort and good working conditions for the people who live
and work in it.

 The project on which I take training it is a construction of Bus
Stand buildings. This building is designed very carefully by
keeping the
 following views:
 Bus Parking.
 Shops
 In charge Rooms
 Counter
 Bathroom
 Ticket Booking Counter
 Car Parking.
 Cement
 The cement often called the magic power is a fine
ground material consisting of compound of lime
,silica alumina and iron. When mixed with water it
forms a paste which hardened and bind the
aggregates (sand, gravel, crushed rock, etc.)
together to form a durable mass called the
Concrete. Cement is the binder that holds concrete
and mortars together. Which is why it play the
most critical role in giving strength and durability
to your building. Cement uses for domestic building
such as home are basically of three types.
 These are cohesion less aggregates of either, rounded sub
rounded, angular, sub angular or flat fragments of more or less
unaltered rock of minerals consisting of 90% of particles of size
greater than 0.06 mm and less than 2 mm.
 Alternatively, these are coarse grained cohesion less particles
of silica derived from the disintegration of rock.
 These are of three types:

 Coarse sand: It is one which contains 90% of particles of size
greater than 0.6 mm and less than 2 mm.

 Medium sand: It is one, whichcontains 90& of particles of particles
size greater than 0.2 mm and less than 0.6 mm.

 Fine sand: It is one, which contains 90% of particles of size greater
than 0.06 mm and less than 0.2 mm.
 Building stones are obtained from the rocks occurring
in nature. The stones are used into construct the
foundation, super structure and many of the building
components. The various stones derived from these
types of rocks are as follows:

 Principal stones from igneous rocks: Granite, Basalt
and Trap
 Principal stones from sedimentary rocks : Sand
stone, Shale, Lime stone
 Principal stones from metamorphic rocks:
Quartzite, slate and marble
 Bricks are distinguished by their base (row) material and
size. Standard brunt clay bricks come in the size 10" x 5" x
3". Modular bricks, rarely used because they are not
easily available, come in the size 200mm x 100mm x
100mm (including mortar thickness) Fly ash bricks,
sometimes also come in modular form.
 Conventional bricks have a frog (depressed / raised
portion) on one of the larger surface bearing the
Manufacturer’s brand. These also provide a good
mechanical key for bonding (lock ability) with mortar.
 The modular bricks donot have the frog on them. Fly
ash bricks exhibit almost similar mechanical properties
as brunt clay bricks. Exposed brickwork with precise
pointing is possible if the shapes are perfect
 Aggregates is a general term applied to those inert (that
chemically inactive) material, which when bounded together
by cement, form concrete. Most aggregates used in this
country are naturally occurring aggregates such as
 Sand, crushed rock and gravel.
 RCC stands for reinforced cement concrete.
To enhance the load carrying capacity of the
concrete it is reinforced with steel bars of
different diameters provided in an
appropriate manner. Such concrete is
called reinforced concrete and the bars are
called the reinforcement. These bars are
provided at various locations to resist the
internal forces, which are developed due
to the loads acting on the structure.
 The strength and durability of concrete depends
also on the amount of water mixed with it. Too
much or too little Water can adversely affect the
strength of concrete. After concrete is cast,
water is used to cure it so that the
temperature is controlled and concrete matures
slowly. It is very important to use clean,
potable water in quality concrete production.
Brackish or salty water must never be used.
Contaminated water will produce concrete
mortars with lower durability, erratic set
characteristics and inconsistent color.
 Concrete is a mixture of cementious material, aggregate and
water. Aggregate is commonly considered inert filler, which
accounts for 60 to 80% of the volume and 70 to 85% of the
weight of the concrete. Although aggregate is considered inert
filler, it is a necessary component that defines the concrete s
thermal and elastic properties and dimensional stability. Physical
and mineralogical properties of aggregate must be known before
mixing concrete to obtain a desirable mixture. These properties
include shape and texture, size gradation, moisture content,
specific gravity, reactivity, soundness, and bulk unit weight.
These properties along with water /cementitious material ratio
determine the strength, workability and durability of the
concrete.
 Plain concrete is very strong in compression but its tensile
strength is only about 1/10 of the strength in the compression.
So, the use of the plain concrete is limited to the structure in pure
compression. Steel being equally strong in compression and
tension, is, therefore, used to reinforce the concrete in a suitable
way so that it can be used to build supporting structure where
tension also develops. Concrete, thus reinforced is known as
reinforced concrete.

 This combination is made because long steel bars can
develops its full strength where it cannot carry equal amount
of compressive force due to its buckling which is caused by the
slenderness. Thus, the combination of concrete and steel bars has
proved to be ideal, as the two materials are used to resist the
stresses for which they are most suitable.
 1) It is overall economical in ultimate cost.
 2) Its monolithic character provides more rigidity to the
structure.

 3) It is highly durable and fire resisting. It is not affected by
thevermins termites fungus or such other insects.
 4) Well-compacted R.C.C. structure is impermeable to
moisture penetration.
 5) Care and cost of maintenance of R.C.C. Structure is
almost negligible.
 6) The fluidity of the concrete and flexibility of
reinforcement make it to possible to mould the R.C.C.
members into variety of shapes desired.
 Cement concrete is a composite material used for
construction of various civil engineering structures. It is
obtained by mixing the basic ingredients such as cement,
Fine aggregate (normally sand) and coarse aggregate
(normally stone pieces) in required proportions. Water is
added in the required measure and the mixture is put into
a mechanical mixer to achieve concrete. Concrete is
poured into the formwork (mould made up of plywood,
steel plates and timber) to get the desired shape. It is then
vibrated to achieve proper compaction (uniform
denseness).High temperature is generated through
chemical reaction in this process. Curing (control of
temperature) with water is essential to achieve the desired
strength of the concrete.
 Concrete that will be visible, such as slab like driveway,
highway or patios often need finishing. Concrete slabs
can be finished in many ways, depending on the intended
service use. Options include various colors and textures,
such as exposed aggregate or a patterned stamped
surface. Some surface may require only strike off and
screeding to proper contour and elevation, while for
other surface a broomed, floated, or troweled finish may
be specified. In slab constructionscreeding or strike off is
the process of cutting off excess concrete to bring the top
surface of the slab to proper grade. A straight edge is
moved across the concrete with a sawing motion and
advanced forward a short distance with each movement.
 ‘Temporary Supporting Structure’ is those
structures, which are temporarily required in
building construction either for supporting the
laying of concrete till it gets matured, such as
formwork or forms or shuttering. As fresh
concrete is in a plastic state, when it is placed for
construction purposes, so it becomes necessary
to provide some temporary structure to confine
and support the concrete, till it gains sufficient
strength for selfsupporting.
 The temporary structure is known as Formwork
or shuttering.
 The main aim of studies within this project was to investigate how
a structure is constructed within its desired properties. We get
knowledge about the basic & advanced techniques of building
construction as well as saw the challenges which a civil engineer
have to face during construction i.e. labour problems, cost
management, environmental challenges etc. We cleared our many
doubts regarding building construction. We had seen dewatering
system at project site for construction which is not used at our
state anymore, so it was a new thing for us..
 Although are subjects more important for technicians, in the
project we have been
 Studied some mechanic or electro-mechanic machinery such as
the ready mix plant because basic knowledge about their working
is important for an engineer but also because was the opportunity
to see and understand them.