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Practical Research 1: by Jason D. Arellano

The document discusses the major characteristics of qualitative research. It describes qualitative research as using inductive analysis to explore open questions rather than test hypotheses. It takes a holistic perspective focusing on complex relationships rather than discrete variables. It uses thick description and direct quotations to capture personal perspectives. The researcher has direct personal contact and their insights are important. It also focuses on dynamic systems, unique case orientations, context sensitivity, empathic neutrality, design flexibility, and naturalistic inquiry. The document then discusses specific types of qualitative research including phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, and case studies.

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Jason Arellano
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84 views19 pages

Practical Research 1: by Jason D. Arellano

The document discusses the major characteristics of qualitative research. It describes qualitative research as using inductive analysis to explore open questions rather than test hypotheses. It takes a holistic perspective focusing on complex relationships rather than discrete variables. It uses thick description and direct quotations to capture personal perspectives. The researcher has direct personal contact and their insights are important. It also focuses on dynamic systems, unique case orientations, context sensitivity, empathic neutrality, design flexibility, and naturalistic inquiry. The document then discusses specific types of qualitative research including phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, and case studies.

Uploaded by

Jason Arellano
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

By Jason D. Arellano
Major Characteristics of
Qualitative Research
Inductive analysis
• Immersion in the details and specifics of the
data to discover important categories,
dimensions, and interrelationships; begin by
exploring genuinely open questions rather
than testing theoretically derived (deductive)
hypotheses.
Holistic perspective
• The whole phenomenon under study is
understood as a complex system that is more
than the sum of its parts; focus is on complex
interdependencies not meaningfully reduced
to a few discrete variables and linear, cause-
effect relationships.
Qualitative data
• Detailed, thick description; inquiry in depth;
direct quotations capturing people‘s personal
perspectives and experiences.
Personal contact and insight
• The researcher has direct contact with and
gets close to the people, situation, and
phenomenon under study; researcher‘s
personal experiences and insights are
important part of the inquiry and critical to
understanding the phenomenon.
Dynamic systems
• Attention to process; assumes change is
constant and ongoing whether the focus is on
an individual or an entire culture.
Unique case orientation
• Assumes each case is special and unique; the
first level of inquiry is being true to,
respecting, and capturing the details of the
individual cases being studied; crosscase
analysis follows from and depends on the
quality of individual case studies.
Context sensitivity
• Places findings in a social, historical, and
temporal context; dubious of the possibility or
meaningfulness of generalization across time
and space.
Emphatic neutrality
• Complete objectivity is impossible; pure
subjectivity undermines credibility; the
researcher‘s passion is understanding the world
in all its complexity – not proving something, not
advocating, not advancing personal agenda, but
understanding; the researcher includes personal
experience and empathic insight as part of the
relevant data, while taking a neutral
nonjudgmental stance toward whatever content
may emerge.
•
Design flexibility
• Open to adapting inquiry as understanding
deepens and/or situations change; avoids
getting locked into rigid designs that eliminate
responsiveness; pursues new paths of
discovery as they emerge.
Naturalistic Inquiry
• Studying real world situations as they unfold
naturally; non-manipulative, unobtrusive and
non-controlling; openness to whatever
emerges- lack of predetermined constraints
on outcomes
Types of Qualitative Researches
• Phenomenology
• Ethnography
• Grounded theory
• Case Study
Phenomenology
• It is an approach to philosophy and not
specifically a method of inquiry; this has often
been misunderstood. It is first and foremost
philosophy, the approach employed to pursue
a particular study should emerge from the
philosophical implications inherent in the
question.
Ethnography
• It is the direct description of a group, culture
or community. Nevertheless, the meaning of
the word ethnography can be ambiguous; it is
an overall term for a number of approaches.
Sometimes researchers use it as synonymous
with qualitative research in general, while at
other times it‘s meaning is more specific.
Grounded Theory
• It is a development of theory directly based
and grounded in the data collected by the
researcher. It is a research methodology for
discovering theory in a substantive area
Case Study
• It is used for a research approach with specific
boundaries and can be both qualitative and
quantitative. In addition, it is an entity studied
as a single unit, and it has clear confines and a
specific focus and is bound to context.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH

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