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Data structures and Internal tables

Data Structure & Internal Tables | March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation

3.07
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Objectives

 The participants will be able to:

 Create a Structure in an ABAP Program
 Create an Internal Table in an ABAP program
 Populate an Internal Table with data
 Read Database information into an Internal Table

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Data Structures

Structure Internal Table

Address List Address List

LN FN City ST. LN FN City ST.

LN FN City ST.

LN FN City ST.

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Declaring a Structure - Method #1

Is this statement
1 REPORT YN1C0008. necessary for the
2 code?
3 TABLES: TABNA. Basic Syntax:
4 DATA: BEGIN OF ADDRESS, DATA: BEGIN OF <name>
5 FLAG TYPE C,
6 ID LIKE TABNA-ID, <field1> . . .
7 NAME1 LIKE TABNA-NAME1, <field2> . . .
8 CITY LIKE TABNA-CITY,
9 END OF ADDRESS. ...
10 MOVE ‘X’ TO ADDRESS-FLAG. END OF <name>.
11 MOVE ‘0001’ TO ADDRESS-ID.
12 MOVE ‘Smith’ TO ADDRESS-NAME1.
13 MOVE ‘Philadelphia’ TO
14 ADDRESS- CITY. Address Structure
15 WRITE ADDRESS. Flag ID Name1 City
16
17

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Declaring a Structure - Method #2

REPORT Yxxxxxxx. Basic Syntax:
TYPES: BEGIN OF ADDR, TYPES: BEGIN OF <name1>,
FLAG, <field1> . . . ,
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID, <field2> . . . ,
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1, ... ,
CITY LIKE EMPLOYEE-CITY, END OF <name1>.
END OF ADDR. DATA: <name2> TYPE
<name1>.
DATA: ADDRESS TYPE ADDR.
MOVE: ‘X’ TO ADDRESS-FLAG,
‘00001’ TO ADDRESS-ID,
Address Structure
‘Smith’ TO ADDRESS-NAME1, Flag ID Name1 City
‘Philadelphia’ TO ADDRESS-CITY.
WRITE ADDRESS.

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Populating a Structure with Field-by-Field Transport

REPORT Y170DM37.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE. EMPLOYEE
ID Name1 City
DATA: BEGIN OF ADDRESS,
000000001 Electronics Inc. Waldorf
FLAG,
Address MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID, TO ADDRESS.
NAME LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
Flag ID Name City
CITY LIKE EMPLOYEE-CITY,
END OF ADDRESS. 000000001 Waldorf

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. Clear <f1>.

MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE
TO ADDRESS.
WRITE: / ADDRESS-FLAG,
ADDRESS-ID, ADDRESS-NAME,
ADDRESS-CITY.
CLEAR ADDRESS.
ENDSELECT.

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Demonstration

 Declaring a structure and populating the structure with values inside a program.

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Practice

 Declaring a structure and populating the structure with values inside a program.

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Internal Table Types

 Standard
 Sorted
 Hashed

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Creating an Internal Table with Header Line

REPORT Y170DM38.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE. The TYPES statement defines
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP, the structure and data type
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID, for the internal table.
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1, The DATA statement with an
COUNTRY LIKE INITIAL SIZE creates the
EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY, actual internal table capable
END OF EMP. of storing data. Because of
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE the WITH HEADER LINE
OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH addition, this internal table is
HEADER LINE. created with a header line.
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. Header Line
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO
EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.

10 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07 March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation
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Internal Table Keys

 Implicit Key
 All character fields
 Explicit Key
 User-defined
e.g. WITH [ UNIQUE/NON-UNIQUE ] KEY FIELD1 FIELD2 ...

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Size of an Internal Table

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Loading an Internal Table with a Header Line

APPEND <int. table>. APPEND <int. table>

SORTED BY <field>.
Department Salary Department Salary
Header
R&D 400,000 R&D 400,000
MKTG 1,000,000 1 PROD 7,800,000
SALES 500,000 2 MKTG 1,000,000
PROD 7,800,000 3 SALES 500,000
IT 50,000 4 HR 140,000
HR 140,000 5 IT 50,000
6

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Loading an Internal Table with a Header Line

REPORT Y170DM42.
With both versions of the
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
APPEND statement,
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP, memory space for ten
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY, records is allocated when
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID, the first record is written to
the internal table.
SALARY LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALARY,
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE Example 1
OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE. More than ten entries can be
saved in the internal table.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
Example 2
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB. A maximum of ten entries
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB. can be saved in the
OR internal table. Any
APPEND EMPTAB SORTED BY SALARY.
entries that exceed the
ENDSELECT. top ten will
be deleted.
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Internal Table with Header Line

EMPLOYEE

A
COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .

ID NAME1 COUNTRY

B Header Line

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Internal Table with Header Line

1 EMPLOYEE

COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .

USA 00000001 Company Baker Distributors BAKER . . .

ID NAME1 COUNTRY
Header Line

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Internal Table with Header Line

1 EMPLOYEE

COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .

USA 00000001 Company Baker Distributors BAKER . . .

2
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
00000001 Baker Distributors USA Header Line

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Internal Table with Header Line

1 EMPLOYEE

COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .

USA 00000001 Company Baker Distributors BAKER . . .

2
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
00000001 Baker Distributors USA Header Line

00000001 Baker Distributors USA 1

3
This header line
2 is attached to the
body of the
3 internal table.
. .
. .
. .
10

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Internal Table with Header Line

4 EMPLOYEE

COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .

USA 00000002 Company Diversified Indust.. DIVERS . . .

5
ID NAME1 COUNTRY
00000002 Diversified Indust... USA Header Line

00000001 Baker Distributors USA 1

6 2
00000002 Diversified Indust... USA

3
. .
. .
. .
10

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Creating an Internal Table without a Header Line

REPORT Y170DM40.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE. The TYPES statement defines
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP, the structure and data type
for the internal table and its
ID LIKE EMPLOYEE-ID, work area
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
The DATA statement with an
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY, INITIAL SIZE creates the
END OF EMP. actual internal table without a
header line. The DATA
statement without the INITIAL
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE SIZE creates the work area for
OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10, the internal table.
EMPTAB_WA TYPE EMP.

Work Area ID NAME1 COUNTRY

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB_WA.
APPEND EMPTAB_WA TO EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT. APPEND <work area> to <EMPTAB>.

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Internal Table without a Header Line WHY???

Separate Internal Table Work Area

Performance Issues

Nested Internal Tables

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Internal Table without a Header Line

EMPLOYEE

A
COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORTL . . .

ID NAME1 COUNTRY
B Work Area

22 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07 March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation
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Internal Table without a Header Line

1 EMPLOYEE

COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORT . . .

USA 00000001 Company Baker Distributors BAKER . . .

ID NAME1 COUNTRY
2
00000001 Baker Distributors USA Work Area

ID NAME1 COUNTRY
00000001 Baker Distributors USA 1
3 This work area
2 is not attached
to the body of
the internal
3
. table.
.
.
10

23 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07 March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation
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Transferring ABAP Dictionary Table Structures

REPORT Y170DM41.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
DATA: EMPTAB LIKE STANDARD TABLE OF
EMPLOYEE INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.
The internal table EMPTAB
will have the exact same
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. structure as the dictionary
MOVE EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB. table EMPLOYEE.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.

Notice the MOVE statement

instead of a MOVE-
CORRESPONDING.

24 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07 March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation
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Automatic Field Conversion

 MOVE-CORRESPONDING or MOVE field to field

 Individual field type conversion
 MOVE
 Structure to structure
 Field to structure
 Structure to field
 Intermediate C type
 Followed by adoption of new types

25 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07 March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation
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Mass Reading from Database Tables into Internal Tables

REPORT Y170DM69.
SELECT * FROM <table> . . .
TABLES: EMPLOYEE. 1. INTO TABLE <EMPTAB>.
2. APPENDING TABLE
DATA: EMPTAB LIKE STANDARD TABLE <EMPTAB>.
EMPLOYEE INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO TABLE EMPTAB

Notice no ENDSELECT is
WHERE COUNTRY = ‘USA’. needed here because no
loop processing occurs.

26 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07 March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation
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Processing an Internal Table

REPORT Y170DM45.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY, This LOOP AT <EMPTAB>
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1, statement allows for a logical
SALES LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALES, expression in a WHERE clause
END OF EMP.
to limit the processing of the
internal table.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10
WITH HEADER LINE.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT EMPTAB WHERE COUNTRY BETWEEN ‘A’ AND ‘D’. If no internal table
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-NAME1, entries qualify under the
EMPTAB-SALES. logical expression, the
ENDLOOP. statement within the
IF SY-SUBRC NE 0. loop is not executed and
WRITE: / ‘NO ENTRIES’. SY-SUBRC is set to 4.
ENDIF.
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System Field SY-TABIX

REPORT Y170DM46.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.

TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,

COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE.

PARAMETERS: START LIKE SY-TABIX DEFAULT 10,

Screen output
END LIKE SY-TABIX DEFAULT 20.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB. SY-TABIX
ENDSELECT.
LOOP AT EMPTAB FROM START TO END.
WRITE: / SY-TABIX, EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-NAME1.
ENDLOOP.
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Accumulating Data within an Internal Table

REPORT Y170DM43.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
COLLECT <EMPTAB>.
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY, Country Sales
Header
SALES LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALES, D 400,000
Line
END OF EMP. USA 1,000,000
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP GB 500,000
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE. D 7,800,000

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. Screen output

A 371,065.00
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO
CH 45,305.00
EMPTAB.
D 8,200,000.00
COLLECT EMPTAB. F 0.00
ENDSELECT. GB 500,000.00
LOOP AT EMPTAB. NL 577,000.00
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-SALES. NO 234.00
USA 1,000,000.00
ENDLOOP.
HK 0.00
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Sorting an Internal Table

REPORT Y170DM44.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
Sorting options:
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
1) SORT <EMPTAB> - sorts the
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,
entries of the internal table
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1, <EMPTAB> in ascending
SALES LIKE EMPLOYEE-SALES, order.
END OF EMP. 2) SORT <EMPTAB> BY <field> -
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP sorts the table on one or more
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE. fields within the table.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
SORT EMPTAB BY SALES DESCENDING. screen output
LOOP AT EMPTAB.
WRITE: / ITAB-COUNTRY, ITAB-NAME1, ITAB-SALES.
ENDLOOP.

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Control Level Processing

 AT FIRST
 AT NEW < field >
 AT END < field >
 AT LAST

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Reading a Single Table Entry

REPORT Y170DM47.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
END OF EMPTAB.

DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10

WITH HEADER LINE.

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.

MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.

READ TABLE ….

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Reading a Single Table Entry - Options

READ TABLE <EMPTAB> options:
1) READ TABLE <EMPTAB>.
2) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY <k1> = <v1>…
<kn> = <vn>.
3) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH TABLE KEY <k1> = <v1> ...
<kn> = <vn>.
4) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY = <value>.
5) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY . . . BINARY SEARCH.
6) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
7) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> COMPARING <f1> <f2> . . . .
8) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> COMPARING ALL FIELDS.
9) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> TRANSPORTING <f1> <f2> . . . .
10) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS.

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Maintaining Internal Tables

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. INSERT <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB. MODIFY <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
ENDSELECT.
DELETE <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
READ TABLE EMPTAB INDEX 1.
MOVE ‘ABC’ TO EMPTAB-NAME1.
MODIFY EMPTAB INDEX SY-TABIX.
IF SY-SUBRC NE 0.
WRITE / ‘Attempt to modify failed.’.
ELSE. Check SY-SUBRC after
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, every attempt to change
EMPTAB-NAME1. an internal table entry.
ENDIF.
INSERT EMPTAB INDEX 1.
DELETE EMPTAB INDEX SY-TABIX.

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Working with an Internal Table without a Header Line

APPEND <work area> TO <internal table>.

COLLECT <work area> INTO <internal table>.

INSERT <work area> INTO <internal table>.

MODIFY <internal table> FROM <work area>.

READ TABLE <internal table> INTO <work area>.

LOOP AT <internal table> INTO <work area>.

35 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07 March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation
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Deleting an Internal Table

CLEAR <internal table>

 Initialises the header

line.
REFRESH <internal table>
 Internal table lines
remain unchanged.
FREE <internal table>
 Deletes all table lines.
 Storage space is not
released.  Deletes all table lines.
 Paging is released.  Storage space is
released.
 Header line remains
unchanged.  Header line remains
unchanged

36 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07 March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation
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Information about an Internal Table

REPORT Y170DM49.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10
WITH HEADER LINE,
DESCRIBE TABLE <internal table>
LINE_COUNT TYPE I,
LINES <var1>
INITIAL_COUNT TYPE I.
OCCURS <var2>.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
DESCRIBE TABLE EMPTAB
LINES LINE_COUNT
OCCURS INITIAL_COUNT.
WRITE: / ‘ lines:’, LINE_COUNT, screen output
/ ‘occurs:’, INITIAL SIZE_COUNT.

37 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07 March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation
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Calling the SAP Table Editor

REPORT Y170DM50.
TABLES: EMPLOYEE.
TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
COUNTRY LIKE EMPLOYEE-COUNTRY,
NAME1 LIKE EMPLOYEE-NAME1,
END OF EMP,
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP
INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE,
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB.
APPEND EMPTAB.
ENDSELECT.
EDITOR-CALL FOR EMPTAB.
CHECK SY-SUBRC EQ 0.
LOOP AT EMPTAB WHERE NAME1 EQ ‘Maurice Cheeks’.
WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-NAME1.
ENDLOOP.
IF SY-SUBRC NE 0. WRITE: / ‘No records.’. ENDIF.
screen output

38 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07 March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation
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Demonstration

 Declaring an internal table, populating it by selecting data from the table and then
looping into it and displaying the data fetched.

39 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07 March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation
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Practice

 Declaring an internal table, populating it by selecting data from the table and then
looping into it and displaying the data fetched.

40 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07 March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation
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Summary

 Structures in code are temporary objects in program memory.

 A structure can be defined using a combination of the TYPES and DATA
statements.
 The statement MOVE-CORRESPONDING transports values field by field
between the ABAP data structures.
 Internal table, that can store records of data temporarily during the
processing of a program.
 3 different types of internal tables: Standard, Sorted, and Hashed.
 An internal table object is created with the DATA statement by referring to an
internal table type using the TYPE parameter
 APPEND statement adds the contents of the header line to the end of the
internal table.
 the system field SY-TABIX is set to the line number of the entry read.

41 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07 March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation
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Summary (Contd.)

 The CLEAR statement resets all fields to their initial value.

 The REFRESH statement deletes all table lines.
 The FREE statement releases the storage space required for a table.

42 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07 March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation
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Questions

 What is a Structure?
 What is an internal table?
 What are the different types of internal tables are there?
 Explain the following statements :
 Move corresponding
 Append
 Clear
 Refresh
 Free.

43 Data Structure & Internal Tables | 3.07 March-2005 © 2005 IBM Corporation