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SDH / Sonet: Monther Alsohebani Sulaiman Alrumaih

This document defines and compares SDH/SONET, PDH, and non-SDH digital signal hierarchies. It explains that SONET is the American standard and SDH is the European standard for digital optical networking. SDH was developed to address the need for flexible bandwidth and multiplexing to match increasing optical fiber cable speeds. It provides advantages like high transmission rates, simple add/drop functions, and reliability. The document also details the SDH frame structure and rates including STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, and how higher rates are achieved through multiplexing.

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Ketan Sharma
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54 views16 pages

SDH / Sonet: Monther Alsohebani Sulaiman Alrumaih

This document defines and compares SDH/SONET, PDH, and non-SDH digital signal hierarchies. It explains that SONET is the American standard and SDH is the European standard for digital optical networking. SDH was developed to address the need for flexible bandwidth and multiplexing to match increasing optical fiber cable speeds. It provides advantages like high transmission rates, simple add/drop functions, and reliability. The document also details the SDH frame structure and rates including STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, and how higher rates are achieved through multiplexing.

Uploaded by

Ketan Sharma
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SDH / SONET

Monther Alsohebani
Sulaiman Alrumaih
: Agenda
.Definition of SDH/SONET-

.Usages of SDH/SONET-

.Advantages and specifications of SDH/SONET-

. Methodology of SDH/SONET structure-


:Definition
.PDH stands for plesiosynchronous Digital Hierarchy-
.SDH stands for Synchronous Digital Hierarchy-
.SONET stands for Synchronous Optical Network-

---------------------------------------------------------------------
: Note-
SONET &SDH are almost the same, but the
SONET for American standard and SDH for
.Europe
?Why SDH
Because the requirement of multiplexing and*
communication that matches the optical fiber
.cable speeds

The flexible bandwidth and ability to carry*


many services through it like (HSPDA – Video
– ATM ,,,,etc)
----------------------------------------------------------
.ATM : Asynchronous Transfer Mode
HSPDA: High Speed Packet Downlink Access
Non - SDH

Signal Digital Bit Rate channels


E0 kbit/s 64 One 64 kbit/s

E1 Mbit/s 2.048 E0 32

E2 Mbit/s 8.448 E0 128

E3 Mbit/s 34.368 E1 16

E4 Mbit/s 139.264 64E1


SDH

Bit Rate SDH SDH Capacity


Mbit/s 51.84 STM-0 E1 21
Mbit/s 155.52 STM-1 E1 or 1 E4 63
Mbit/s 622.08 STM-4 E1 or 4 252
E4
Mbit/s 2488.32 STM-16 E1 or 16 1008
E4
Mbit/s 9953.28 STM-64 E1 or 64 4032
E4
39813.12 STM-256 E1 or 256 16128
Mbit/s E4
:Advantages

.High transmission rates-

.Simple add and drop function-

.Reliability-

Interconnection-
:Comments
PDH is obsolete because the matter of -
.standardization

.SDH is the trend of the future-

.SDH is standard for the whole world-


The SDH Structure

•The SDH signal


transmitted as a
serial stream of
frames
•All frames have the
same structure
Identifying the SDH Frame

 A1, A2 is framing
bytes and located
as shown in
Figure
 A1,A2 bytes
provide a
reference for all
bytes in frame
SDH Rates

 Basic SDH rate = 9x270x8x8000 = 155.52


Mbps
 Base SDH Rate called STM-1
 STM is stand for: Synchronous Transport Signal
 Higher SDH rates are achieved by
Multiplexing
 we can speed up our truck to 622 Mbps or
2.488 Gbps
SDH Rates
(continued)
SDH Rates
(continued)

 STM-4 = 4x STM-1= 155 x 4 = 622 Mbps


 Also STM-16= 4xSTM-4= 2.488 Gbps
 The STM-4 frame still has 9 rows but 1080
columns
Condition for
Multiplexing
1. Frame synchronization
2. Same bit rate
3. Same frame structure
Finally:
All higher rates multiplexing use same way

Reference
- SDH fundamentals, HEWLETT PACKARD
Thank you

Any Question

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