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Actuators

Actuators are hardware devices that convert controller commands into physical changes, usually mechanical movement. Common types include electrical, hydraulic, and pneumatic actuators. Electrical actuators include electric motors like DC servomotors and stepper motors. Hydraulic and pneumatic actuators use fluid pressure to amplify controller signals. Stepper motors rotate in discrete steps while servomotors provide continuous rotation.

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Avinash Baldi
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153 views9 pages

Actuators

Actuators are hardware devices that convert controller commands into physical changes, usually mechanical movement. Common types include electrical, hydraulic, and pneumatic actuators. Electrical actuators include electric motors like DC servomotors and stepper motors. Hydraulic and pneumatic actuators use fluid pressure to amplify controller signals. Stepper motors rotate in discrete steps while servomotors provide continuous rotation.

Uploaded by

Avinash Baldi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Actuators

Hardware devices that convert a controller command signal


into a change in a physical parameter
 The change is usually mechanical (e.g., position or
velocity)
 An actuator is also a transducer because it changes one
type of physical quantity into some alternative form
 An actuator is usually activated by a low-level command
signal, so an amplifier may be required to provide
sufficient power to drive the actuator
Actuators

Logical Mechanism
Signal Signal Processing Electric Hydraulic
& Amplification Final Actuation
Pneumatic
Element

Actuator
Sensor
Types of Actuators

1. Electrical actuators
 Electric motors
 DC servomotors
 AC motors
 Stepper motors
 Solenoids
2. Hydraulic actuators
 Use hydraulic fluid to amplify the controller
command signal
3. Pneumatic actuators
 Use compressed air as the driving force
Stepper motor and Servomotor
Servo
Motor
Torque-Speed Curve of a
DC Servomotor and Load Torque Plot

Torque, T Load
Stepper
AC Servo
DC Servo

Operating
Points

Speed, ω
NXT Mindstorms - Servo Motor
Motor Controllers
The POSYS® 3004 (Designed & Made in Germany) is a PC/104 form factor board dedicated to high
performance motion control applications with extensive interpolation functionality. The POSYS® 3004 is
designed to control up to 4 axes of servo and stepper motors and provides hardware linear, circular, Bit
Pattern and continuous interpolation which allow to perform the most complex motion profiles. Update
rates per axis do not exist as each axis runs in absolute real-time mode simultaneously which makes these
boards to one of the best performing motion controllers for up to 4 axes in the market.
Stepper Motors

360
Step angle is given by: : 
ns
where ns is the number of steps for the stepper motor (integer)

Total angle through which the motor rotates (Am) is given by: Am  n p
where np = number of pulses received by the motor.

2f p
Angular velocity is given by:  where fp = pulse frequency
ns
60 f p
Speed of rotation is given by: N
ns

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