Introduction to

Operation Research
Section 7

1
The assignment model in the form of person- job matrix
is show below:
Persons
Jobs A B C D
1 10 20 18 14
2 15 25 9 25
3 30 19 17 12
4 19 24 20 10

Calculate the time needed to accomplish the jobs

2
Step 1: Opportunity Cost
From the last table, choose the least number in each row
and subtract it from numbers of the same row
Persons

Jobs A B C D
1 0 10 8 4
2 6 16 0 16
3 18 7 5 0
4 9 14 10 0

3
Step 2: Reduction of Columns
Repeat the column containing zero, choose the least
number in each column and subtract it from numbers
of the same column
Persons

Jobs A B C D
1 0 3 8 4
2 6 9 0 16
3 18 0 5 0
4 9 7 10 0

4
Step 3: Assignment: machine for each worker
Assign zero values in rows containing one zero, then cross over
double zeros in columns

Persons

Jobs A B C D
1 0 3 8 4
2 6 9 0 16
3 18 0 5 0X
4 9 7 10 0

5
Step 4: Assignment: machine for each worker
All rows = All columns = all lines

Persons

Jobs A B C D
1 0 3 8 4
2 6 9 0 16
3 18 0 5 0X
4 9 7 10 0

6
Step 5: Report

Jobs Persons Time

1 A 10
2 C 9
3 B 19
4 D 10
TOTAL 48

Minimum Time= 48 hours per person

7
If we have two zeros at the same row or column we
seek an alternative solution
Alternative solution

Persons

Jobs A B C D
1 0 3 8 4
2 6 9 0 16
3 18 0 5 0
4 9 7 10 0X

8
Report for alternative solution
Jobs Persons Time
1 A 10
2 C 9
3 D 12
4 B 24
TOTAL 55

Minimum Time= 48 hours per person in the first

solution which is the minimum hours rate
9
The assignment model in the form of Machine-worker
matrix is show below:
Machines
Workers A B C D
1 19 7 3 21
2 15 21 18 6
3 11 14 15 22
4 7 10 13 15

Calculate the time needed to accomplish the jobs

10
Step 1: Opportunity Cost
From the last table, choose the least number in each row
and subtract it from numbers of the same row
Machines

Workers A B C D
1 16 4 0 18
2 9 15 12 0
3 0 3 4 11
4 0 3 6 8

11
Step 2: Reduction of Columns
Repeat the column containing zero, choose the least
number in each column and subtract it from numbers
of the same column
Machines

Workers A B C D
1 16 1 0 18
2 9 12 12 0
3 0 0 4 11
4 0 0 6 8

12
Step 3: Assignment: machine for each worker
Assign zero values in rows containing one zero, then cross over
double zeros in columns

Machines

Workers A B C D
1 16 1 0 18
2 9 12 12 0
3 0 X0 4 11
4 0X 0 6 8

13
Step 4: Assignment: machine for each worker
All rows = All columns = all lines

Machines

Workers A B C D
1 16 1 0 18
2 9 12 12 0
3 0 X0 4 11
4 0X 0 6 8

14
Step 5: Report

Workers Machines Time

1 C 3
2 D 6
3 A 11
4 B 10
TOTAL 30

Minimum Time= 30 hours per person

15
If we have two zeros at the same row or column we
seek an alternative solution
Alternative solution

Machines

Workers A B C D
1 16 1 0 18
2 9 12 12 0
3 X0 0 4 11
4 0 X0 6 8

16
Report for alternative solution
Workers Machines Time
1 C 3
2 D 6
3 B 14
4 A 7
TOTAL 30

Minimum Time= 30 hours per person

17
In Marcov analysis we look at a sequence of
events, and analyze the tendency of one event
to be followed by another.
A B C A B C
[current state] A =1
B Transitional =1
Probabilities
C =1
18
 Marcov Analysis_ Illustrative Example

A B C
A 0.7 0.2 0.1
A B C
B 0.2 0.6 0.2
[0.5 0.3 0.2]
C 0.3 0.2 0.5
COMPUTATION
0.7 (0.5) + 0.2(0.3) + 0.3(0.2)
= 0.35 + 0.06 + 0.06 = 0.47 (A)
0.2(0.5) + 0.6(0.3) + 0.2(0.2)
= 0.10 + 0.18 + 0.04 = 0.32 (B)
0.1(0.5) + 0.2(0.3) + 0.5(0.2)
= 0.05 + 0.06 + 0.10 = 0.21 (C)
Note: 0.47 + 0.32 + 0.21 = 1 19
 Marcov Analysis_ Illustrative Example

A B C
A 0.7 0.2 0.1
A B C
B 0.2 0.6 0.2
[0.47 0.32 0.21]
C 0.3 0.2 0.5
COMPUTATION of Next Year
0.7 (0. 47) + 0.2(0. 32) + 0.3(0. 21)
0.329 + 0.064 + 0.063= 0.456 (A)
0.2(0. 47) + 0.6(0. 32) + 0.2(0. 21)
= 0.094 + 0.192 + 0.042= 0.328 (B)
0.1(0. 47) + 0.2(0. 32) + 0.5(0. 21)
= 0.456 + 0.328 + 0.260= 0.216 (C)
Note: 0.456 + 0.328 + 0.216 = 1 20
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