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    Oxygen Therapi

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    Umdah Hawati
    Oxygen therapy involves administering oxygen at concentrations greater than ambient air (21%) to treat or prevent hypoxia. There are different types of hypoxia including hypoxic, circulatory, hemic, demand, and histotoxic hypoxia. Signs and symptoms of hypoxia include tachypnea, tachycardia, cyanosis, and lethargy. Oxygen therapy is indicated for conditions like respiratory failure, cardiac failure, shock, and carbon monoxide poisoning. Apparatuses for oxygen delivery include nasal cannulas, masks, ventilators, and tents. Risks include carbon dioxide narcosis and oxygen toxicity.

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    Oxygen Therapi

    Uploaded by

    Umdah Hawati
    76 views14 pages
    Oxygen therapy involves administering oxygen at concentrations greater than ambient air (21%) to treat or prevent hypoxia. There are different types of hypoxia including hypoxic, circulatory, hemic, demand, and histotoxic hypoxia. Signs and symptoms of hypoxia include tachypnea, tachycardia, cyanosis, and lethargy. Oxygen therapy is indicated for conditions like respiratory failure, cardiac failure, shock, and carbon monoxide poisoning. Apparatuses for oxygen delivery include nasal cannulas, masks, ventilators, and tents. Risks include carbon dioxide narcosis and oxygen toxicity.

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    Oxygen therapy involves administering oxygen at concentrations greater than ambient air (21%) to treat or prevent hypoxia. There are different types of hypoxia including hypoxic, circulatory, hemic, demand, and histotoxic hypoxia. Signs and symptoms of hypoxia include tachypnea, tachycardia, cyanosis, and lethargy. Oxygen therapy is indicated for conditions like respiratory failure, cardiac failure, shock, and carbon monoxide poisoning. Apparatuses for oxygen delivery include nasal cannulas, masks, ventilators, and tents. Risks include carbon dioxide narcosis and oxygen toxicity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    76 views14 pages

    Oxygen Therapi

    Uploaded by

    Umdah Hawati
    Oxygen therapy involves administering oxygen at concentrations greater than ambient air (21%) to treat or prevent hypoxia. There are different types of hypoxia including hypoxic, circulatory, hemic, demand, and histotoxic hypoxia. Signs and symptoms of hypoxia include tachypnea, tachycardia, cyanosis, and lethargy. Oxygen therapy is indicated for conditions like respiratory failure, cardiac failure, shock, and carbon monoxide poisoning. Apparatuses for oxygen delivery include nasal cannulas, masks, ventilators, and tents. Risks include carbon dioxide narcosis and oxygen toxicity.

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    of 14

    Oxygen Therapy

    dr. EleazarPermanaGadroenSpAn., MSc.


    Definition
    • Oxygen therapy is the administration of
    oxygen at concentrations greater than
    ambient air (21%)
    • With the intent of treating or preventing the
    symptoms and manifestation of hypoxia
    • Oxygen therapy is indicated whenever tissue
    oxygenation is impaired
    • Oxygen has :
    – Physiologic actions
    – Pharmacologic actions
    – A dose response relationship
    – Adverse effect
    Types of hypoxia
    • Hypoxic hypoxia
    – Low PaO2 (arterial oxygen tension) secondary to FiO2<0.21 or decrease
    barometric pressure (altitude)
    – Impaired ventilation secondary to neuromuscular weakness or narcotic
    overdose
    – Impaired oxygenation secondary to pulmonary fibrosis, ARDS
    • Circulatory hypoxia
    – Inadequate pumping of the blood from the hearts to tissues, maybe
    secondary to disorder causing decrease cardiac output such as MI,
    hypovolemic, hypotension, poor supply of arteries
    • Hemic hypoxia
    – Decrease oxygen carrying capacity as in anemia or carbon monoxide poisoning
    • Demand hypoxia
    – Increased tissues consumption of oxygen in hypermetabolic states (fever)
    • Histotoxic hypoxia
    – Utilization of oxygen is abnormal such as in cyanide poisoning
    Sign and Symtoms
    • Tachypnea, dyspnea, hyperpnea
    • Tachycardia, dysrythmias, pulse changes,
    hypertensions
    • Anemis, polycythemia
    • Restlessness, disorientation, lethargy
    • Cyanosis, digital clubbing
    Indication
    • Cardiac arrest
    • Respiratory arrest
    • Respiratory failure type I and II
    • Cardiac failure
    • Myocardial infarction
    • Shock of any cause
    • Increased metabolic demand
    • Post operative states
    • Carbon monoxide poisoning
    Contraindication and precaution
    • With PaO2 >60, patient with chronic CO2
    elevation may experience ventilatory depression
    • With FiO2>50%, oxygen toxicity, absorption
    atelectasis, or depression of ciliary and/or
    leukocytic function
    • Administer with caution to patients receiving
    bleomycin cancer therapy
    • Fire hazzard is increased in the presence of
    oxygen concentration
    Oxygen cascade
    mmHg
    • Inspired air 150
    • Alveolar 103
    • Arterial 100
    • Capillary 51
    • Tissue 20
    • Mitochondial 1-20
    Oxygen dissociation curve
    • Shift to the left
    – Hypothermia
    – Increased pH (alkalemia)
    – Decreased PCO2
    – Decreased 2.3 DPG
    – Fetal Hb
    – CarboxyHb
    – Met Hb

    • Shift to the right


    – Hyperthermia
    – Decreased pH (acidemia)
    – Increased PCO2
    – Increased 2.3 DPG
    Apparatus/devices for oxygen therapy
    • Nasal catheter
    • Semi rigid mask (hudson, harris, edinburgh)
    • Ventury type mask
    • Soft plastic mask (pneumask, polymask, oxyaire)
    • Ventilators
    • Anaesthetic circuits
    • CPAP circuits
    • Plastic head hood
    • Oxygen tent/cot
    • Incubator
    Hazzards of oxygen therapy
    • CO2 narcosis
    – When high FiO2 are administered to patients
    dependent on a hypoxic(chemoreseptor) drive
    • O2 toxicit
    – Neurological effects (Paul Bert effects)
    – Lung toxicity
    – Retrolentalfibroplasia
    – Barotrauma
    Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBO)
    • HBO therapy delivers 100% oxygen at a pressure above
    atmospheric, in a pressurized multi or one man
    chamber
    • Indication:
    – CO2 Poisoning
    – Burns
    – Gas Gangrene
    – Osteomyelitis
    – Osteoradionecrosis
    – Crush injuries
    – Ischaemic skin grafts
    • Complications:
    – Barotrauma to ears, sinuses, and lungs
    – Oxygen toxicity
    – Grand mal fits
    – Changes in visual acuity

    Paediatric oxygen therapy


    • Oxygen headbox or hood
    • Incubator
    • Oxygen cot or tent

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