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Trigonometry: 4:00-5:30/thursday A.Y. 2010-2011 MA. Pauline Galias

This document outlines the topics to be covered in a trigonometry class including direct trigonometric functions of acute angles, solution of right triangles, logarithms, and functions of complementary angles. The learning objectives are to understand trigonometry and how to apply it to future career paths. Learning strategies include discussion, practice problems, and library work. Key concepts that will be discussed are definitions of trig functions, using trig functions to solve right triangles, properties and operations of logarithms, and working with oblique triangles.

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Gel Metante
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106 views16 pages

Trigonometry: 4:00-5:30/thursday A.Y. 2010-2011 MA. Pauline Galias

This document outlines the topics to be covered in a trigonometry class including direct trigonometric functions of acute angles, solution of right triangles, logarithms, and functions of complementary angles. The learning objectives are to understand trigonometry and how to apply it to future career paths. Learning strategies include discussion, practice problems, and library work. Key concepts that will be discussed are definitions of trig functions, using trig functions to solve right triangles, properties and operations of logarithms, and working with oblique triangles.

Uploaded by

Gel Metante
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRIGONOMETRY

4:00-5:30/Thursday
A.Y. 2010-2011
MA. Pauline Galias
Direct Trigonometric Functions
of an Acute Angle
Solution of Right Triangles
Logarithms
Learning Objectives:
to know what trigonometry is all about
to make use of it on my future profession as
my major
to practice solving trigonometric problems
Learning Strategies:
Discussion
Seat works
Assignments
Library work
Direct Trigonometric Functions of an
Acute Angle
Definitions of the Direct Trigonometric Functions
of an Acute Angle and their Reciprocals:
By taking the ratios of the three sides of the triangle, we may
define the basic or first three trigonometric functions.
(Soh-Cah-Toa)
If o = 3, a = 4, h = 5
a) sin θ = side opposite to θ = o = 3 ;
hypotenuse h 5
b) cos θ = side adjacent to θ = a = 4 ;
hypotenuse h 5
c) tan θ = side opposite to θ = o = 3
side adjacent to θ a 4
RECIPROCALS: (a to d, b to e, c to f)
d) csc θ = h = 1 =5;
o sin θ 3
e) sec θ = h = 1 = 5 ;
a cos θ 4
f) cot θ = a = 1 = 4
o tan θ 3
One of the reciprocal pairs is a co-named function or has a
Co-prefix. Do not confuse with co-functions.
Functions of Complementary Angles; Co-
functions
If A + B = 90° Similarly:
sin A = opp. A = adj. B = cos B csc A = sec B
h h sec A = csc B
cos A = adj. A = opp. B = sin B cot A = tan B
h h
As a memory aid summary:
1) Co-functions are paired off in names.
2) COsine A = COmplement sine = sine B
3) Function of A = COmplement’s CO-function
Functions of 45°

1 1

√2
Functions of 30° and 60°

1 2

√3
Solution of Right Triangles
To Solve a Problem on Right Triangles
a) Draw or sketch the required figure and triangle as
accurately as possible. Label its parts.
b) State the given and required parts
c) Use the function which contains the known and unknown
parts. (Tables usually provide only for sin, cos, tan, cot.)
d) Substitute known values in the chosen formula. Compute.
e) Check, at least, roughly through scale drawing.
Definition of Some Terms
a) Subtended angle – angle formed by rays from a given
point to the two ends of an object.
b) Angle of elevation and depression: These are measured
with the HORIZONTAL to an object above or below.
c) Bearing – an acute angle formed by the line of direction
with the NORTH-SOUTH or vertical line to the east or
west.
It may also mean an angle formed clockwise from
the north direction.
Solution of Oblique Triangles Through Right
Triangles and Vice-versa
a) h = b .
cot A – cot C

h = b(-tan A tan C)
tan A-tan C
b) h = b .
cot A + cot C

Logarithms
Exponential Form: 5³ = 125
Logarithmic Form: log5 125 = 3
Common Logarithm = Exponent of 10
Parts of a Logarithm
logarithm = CHARACTERISTICS + MANTISSA
Characteristics
a) A number between 1 and 10 is in STANDARD FORM.
Its decimal is in standard position or after the first non-
zero digit. Its logarithm has a characteristic of 0.
b) The characteristic equals the number of decimal places
from standard position. Hence, the characteristic
determines the decimal position.
Mantissa
a) Numbers with the same sequence of digits have the
same mantissa, and vice-versa.
Laws of Logarithms
These follow the laws of exponents. n
a) log MN = log M + log N c) log M = n log M
b) log M = log M – log N d) log n√M = log M
N
Logarithms cannot be applied to addition or
subtraction.
Algebraic Operations by Logarithms n
a) MN = antilog (log M = log N) c) M = antilog (n log M)
b) M = antilog (log M – log N) d) n√M = antilog(log M)
N n
Algebraic Operations on Logarithms
a) In subtraction of two logarithms the minuend should be
greater than that of the subtrahend
b) The positive characteristics may be increased by a
corresponding increase in the negative characteristic, and
vice-versa.
c) In division the negative characteristic should be exactly
divisible by the divisor.
Cologarithms
The logarithm of the reciprocal of a number is called
the cologarithms of the number.
colog N = 1 = log 1 – log N = -log N
log N
= (9.9999 10-10)-log N
Solving for x in Exponential Equations
a) Express equation in exponential form.
b) Take the logarithm of both sides.
c) Solve for x.
Logarithms of the Trigonometric Functions
The function of sine and cosine, and of tangent (up to
45°) can never exceed 1 or a logarithm of 0.
Their readings in the table have an understood
characteristic of -10.
Presented to: MA. Pauline
Galias
Submitted by: Angelique
Caratao

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