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BMM1313 Computer Programming: Control Structures (Repetition)

This document discusses control structures for repetition in C programming, specifically the while and do-while loops. It provides examples of using while and do-while loops to print output and calculate values repeatedly until a condition is met. It also discusses the differences between while and do-while loops. Exercises are provided for students to construct C programs using these loops to produce sample outputs.

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HarithZakaria
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64 views

BMM1313 Computer Programming: Control Structures (Repetition)

This document discusses control structures for repetition in C programming, specifically the while and do-while loops. It provides examples of using while and do-while loops to print output and calculate values repeatedly until a condition is met. It also discusses the differences between while and do-while loops. Exercises are provided for students to construct C programs using these loops to produce sample outputs.

Uploaded by

HarithZakaria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BMM1313 Computer Programming

Control Structures (Repetition)


while and do-while

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Computer Programming
Control Structures (Repetition)

• Aims
– Introduce students to Control Structures (Repetition): while
– Introduce students to Control Structures (Repetition): do-while

• Expected Outcomes
– Students are able to construct simple C programs that can
implement repetition control structures while
– Students are able to construct simple C programs that can
implement repetition control structures do-while

• References
– Harry H. Cheng, 2010. C for Engineers and Scientists: An
Interpretive Approach, McGraw Hill

Computer Programming
Content

• Selection Structures: while


• Selection Structures: do-while
• Nested Loops
– Nested while
– Nested do-while
• Examples
• Conclusion

Computer Programming
Control structures

• There are 3 control structures for C programs:


1. Sequence
• Each statement is executed sequentially (as seen in the
previous lectures
2. Selection
• One statement is selected over another depending on a
Selection
– If, else if, else & switch
– If var1 > 10, do this…, else do that…
3. Repetition
• Statements are repeatedly executed until it meets a
certain condition
– for, while, do-while loops

Computer Programming
Control Structure – Repetition (Overview)

• Three kinds of selections structures


– while Loop
– do-while Loop
– for Loop
• Loops Consist of
– 1: Loop Initialization
– 2: Terminating Condition (Loop Guard)
– 3: Loop Body (Statement)
– 4: Terminating Action
Computer Programming
Before we go to while loop…

• We need to know additional arithmetic


operations.
• Let i and a are integer; i = 1, a = 2.
C code Operation Example
i++ i = i+1 i = i+1 = 1+1 = 2
*now i=2
i-- i = i-1 i = i-1 = 1-1 = 0
*now i=0
i+=a i = i+a i = i+a = 1+2 = 3
*now i=3
• There are a lot more ( -= , *= , /= . %= )
Computer Programming
Control Structure (Repetition): while

• The flow chart and the syntax of a while loop is


given as follows where statement will be
executed until expression is FALSE.

while (expression) {
statement
}

Computer Programming
Example 1
Output:

What happen if there is no a++?


Can you describe the code using flowchart?

Computer Programming
Exercise 1a
#include <stdio.h>

int main () {

int a = 10; What is the output?

while( a >= 1 ) {
printf("%d\n", a);
a--;
}

return 0;
}

Computer Programming
Exercise 1b
#include <stdio.h>

int main () {
What is the output?
int a = 10, b;

while( a >= 1 ) {
b += a;
printf("%d\n", b);
a--;
}

return 0;
}

Computer Programming
Exercise 1c
#include <stdio.h>

int main () {

int a = 10, b=0;

while( a >= 1 ) { a) What is the output?


b++; b) What is the output if the line
if(a%3==0){ if(a%2==0){ is replaced with
printf("%d\n", b);
else if(a%2==0){
}
if(a%2==0){
printf("%d\n", a);
}
else{
printf("%d\n", a+b);
}
a--;
}

return 0;
}

Computer Programming
Exercise 1d
#include <stdio.h>

int main () {

int a, b=10, c;

printf("Enter value a:\n"); What is the output when user enter:


scanf("%d", &a); a) a=20
b) a=0
if(a>0){
while(a>b){
c = a-b;
printf("%d\n", c);
a--;}
}
else{
while(a<b){
c = a+b;
printf("%d\n",c);
a++;}
}
return 0;
}
Computer Programming
Control Structure (Repetition): while

• Example 2:
Write a code that calculates the factorial of n
where n is the user input using while loops

For example: If the use inputs n = 5, then the


code will return 120 since
5! = 1*2*3*4*5 = 120

Computer Programming
Control Structure (Repetition): while

Computer Programming
Control Structure (Repetition): while

Computer Programming
Example 1: Nested while-loop

Computer Programming
Exercise 2
#include <stdio.h>

int main () {

int i=0, j;
Modify this code to produce the
while(i<10){ following output.
j=0;
while(j<10){
printf("%4d ",j);
j++;
}
i++;
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

Computer Programming
Exercise 4
#include <stdio.h>
int main () {
int i=0, j=0, k;
while(i<5){ Write the output of the code.
while(j<5){
printf("*",j);
k=j;
while(k>0){
if(k%2==0){
printf("+");
}
else{
printf("-");
}
k--;
}
j++;
}
i++;
j=i;
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

Computer Programming
#include <stdio.h>
Exercise 5
int main(){
int a=6, b, c;
while(a>=0){
c=a%2; Write the output of the code.
b=0;
switch(c){
case 0:{
while(b<6){
if(b<a){printf("%4d", b);}
else{
printf("%4d", b+1);
b++;}
b++;}
break;}
case 1:{
while(b<6){
if(b>a){printf("%4d", b);}
else{
printf("%4d", b+1);
b++;}
b++;}
break;}}
printf("\n");
a--;}
return 0;}
Computer Programming
Control Structure (Repetition): do-while

• The flow chart and the syntax of a do-while


loop is given as follows where statement will
be executed until expression is FALSE.
do{

statement

} while (expression);

Computer Programming
Example 1: do-while loop

Computer Programming
SO? What is the difference??

• What is the difference between while and do-


while loop?
– while  your condition is at the beginning of the
loop (it is possible to never enter the loop)
– do-while  your condition is at the end of the
loop (the code must enter the loop at least once)

Computer Programming
while loop vs do-while loop

Both of the code are almost similar but will produce different output.

Computer Programming
Example application of do-while loop

Computer Programming
Exercise 6

• Modify the code below so that it will produce


the following output.

Computer Programming
Conclusion

while(condition){
statement
}

do{
statement
}while(condition);
Computer Programming
BMM1313 Computer Programming

Lecture 6

Computer Programming

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