What are we talking about?


Network Management Tasks
– fault management
– configuration management
– performance management
– security management
– inventory management
– accounting management
 Fault Management

detection

exception alarm generation

investigation and analysis

statistics for steady state behaviour
characterisation
 Configuration Management

installation of new hardware/software

tracking changes in control configuration
– who, what and why!

revert/undo changes

change management

configuration audit
– does it do what was intended?
 IP Route Management

routing integrity

consistency with customer requirements

consistency with external peers

conformance with imposed policy
constraints
 Security Management

exception alarm generation

detection

uniform access controls to resources

backup
 Performance Management

Availability and Reliability metrics

Quality metrics

real-time measurement

historical analysis
 Accounting Management

identifying consumers and suppliers
– of network resources

mapping network resources to customer
identity

charge back
– volumetric data
– time data
– date time of day
 Problem Tracking

reporting procedures

fault management

escalation and referral

historical data for component reliability
analysis
 Inventory Control

hardware
– components
– identity
– location

software
– version control
 Knowledge Based Management

"expert" systems

Modelling
– simulation
– routing
– configuration changes
No single system will solve all your problems
or meet all your requirements

Any Network Management package can only

complement effective and efficient
operational procedures

Need to identify what is important to you and

your organization
 SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol

Doesn't SNMP solve all these problems ?
– Don't be silly!
 SNMP

Where did it come from ?
– Internet Engineering Task Force
» Network Management Area
– SNMP V1
– MIB definitions
– SNMPV2
 What is it ?

more than just a protocol …


It defines an architecture for extracting
information from the network regarding the
current operational state of the network,
using a vendor-independent family of
mechanisms
 Structure of Management
Information (SMI)

identifies and defines structure of
management information
– RFC1155

defines
– commonly defined data item
– syntax of the data type
– semantics of the data object
 Syntax

uses ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation)
– binary encoding
02 01 06 is a 1 byte integer, value 6

Primitive Types
INTEGER, OCTECT STRING, OBJECT IDENTIFIER, NULL

Constructor Types
SEQUENCE <primitive-type> ... ie. a record
SEQUENCE OF <primitive-type> ... ie. an array
 Syntax

Defined Data Types
IpAddress what you expect
Counter non-negative integer that wraps
Gauge non-negative integer that latches
TimeTicks time in hundredths of seconds
 SNMP NAMES
SNMP Name Structure

1 - iso

3 - org

6 - dod

1 - Internet

1 - directory 2 - mgmt 3 - expt 4 - private

1 - mib 1 - Enterprise

1 - system 2 - interfaces 9 - cisco

1 - sysDescr 2 - sysObjectID 1 - ifTable

1 - ifEntry

1 - ifIndex 2 - ifDescr 3 - ifType ........ 10 - ifInOctets

 SNMP

Management Information Base (MIB)
– "database"of network objects
– Groups:
» System, Interfaces, Address Translation, IP, ICMP,
TCP, UDP, EGP
– "Access" and "Status" attributes
– actual variables are "instances" of OIDs

1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0 sysDescr
1.3.6.1.2.1.2.1.1.10.3 ifInOctets for interface 3
1.3.6.1.2.1.4.21.1.7.130.56.0.0
ipRouteNextHop for network 130.56.0.0
 SNMP

The SNMP protocol itself
– allows inspection and alteration of MIB
variables

UDP Based
– not acknowledged transactions

PUT, GET, GET-NEXT operators
 SNMP

SNMP Traps
– unsolicited notification of events
– can include variable list
– ColdStart, WarmStart
– LinkUp, LinkDown
– Authentication Failure
– EGP Neighbour Loss
– Enterprise Specific
 Network Management Software

SNMP Agents
– provided by all router vendors
– many expanded (enterprise) MIBs
– bridges, wiring concentrators, toasters
 Network Management Software

Public Domain
– Application Programming Interfaces available
from CMU and MIT
– include variety of applications
 Network Management Software

Commercially
– many offerings, UNIX and PC based
» HP OpenView
» SunNet Manager
» Cabletron Spectrum
» *MANY* others
 Choosing a Management
Platform

Does it:
a) Support your systems ?
b) Run on your platforms ?
c) Meet your requirements ?
d) Match your resources ?
 Choosing a Management
Platform

Maybe you can get away with something
quick and dirty using existing tools

Maybe a commercial management product
will meet your operational requirements