Measurements

Units of Measurement

By Group 6 :
1. Annisa Nurul Fajriyah
2. Donny Adhinegara
3. Rafdy Dwi Irfansyah

1
What is measurement?

• The ability to describe an observation is

important.

• A description is a statement that reports what has

been observed.

• A measurement is a description that includes a

number and a unit.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

International System of Units
• 1. Known as SI units (System
International)
– Official name of the metric system.
– Is an “universal system of measurement” in
the scientific world.
– What does “Universal” mean?
• Used by all scientist worldwide regardless
of their language.
• Why does science need an universal
system of measurement? (think of the
scientific method)
– Step 6 of the scientific method
– Results of an experiment must be able to be
replicated by other scientist
 Why do we use standard units of
measurement?
• Measurements were once based on body parts,
such as arms and feet.

• This was not accurate because body parts vary in

size from person to person.

• Using standard units makes it possible for a

person in one place to work with the same
quantity as someone kilometers away.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Why do we use standard units of
measurement?
• Standard units allow scientists to repeat one
another’s experiments.

• Experiments must be repeatable to determine if

the results are valid.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

 Stating a Measurement

In every measurement, a number is followed by a unit.

Observe the following examples of measurements:

Number and Unit

35 m
0.25 L
225 lb
3.4 hr

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 Measurement and Units
• Seven Fundamental SI Units of
Measurement.
Physical Quantity Name of Unit Abbreviation
Mass kilogram kg
Length meter m
Temperature kelvin K
Amount of substance mole mol
Time second s
Electric current ampere A
Luminous intensity candela cd

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 Length Measurement

Length
• is measured using a
meter stick.
• uses the unit of meter
(m) in both the metric
and SI systems.

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 Mass Measurement

The mass of an object

• is the quantity of material it

contains.
• is measured on a balance.
• uses the unit gram (g) in the
metric system.
• uses the unit kilogram (kg)
in the SI system.
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10
 Mass: 68 Kg
Mass stayed constant
Weight: 147 pounds
Weight decreased due
to a lesser pull of
Top of mountain
gravity.

Mass: 68 Kg
Weight: 150 pounds

Sea level
 Temperature Measurement

The temperature of a substance

• indicates how hot or cold it is.
• is measured on the Celsius
(C) scale in the metric
system.
• on this thermometer is 18ºC
or 64ºF.
• in the SI system uses the
Kelvin (K) scale.

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 Temperature Conversions
• Temp Conversions
– Water boils at 100° C and 212° F
– Water freezes at 0° C and 32°F

C = (F – 32) x .56

F = (C x 1.8) + 32
 Time Measurement

Time measurement
• uses the unit second(s)
in both the metric and SI
systems.
• is based on an atomic
clock that uses a
frequency emitted by
cesium atoms.

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Electric Curent Measurement

Electric Curent measurement

• The ampere is the intensity of a constant current
which, if maintained in two straight parallel
conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular
cross-section, and placed 1 metre apart in
vacuum, would produce between these
conductors a force equal to 2 x 10-7 newton per
metre of length.

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 Amount of Subtance
Measurement
Amount of Subtance measurement
• The mole is the amount of substance of a
system which contains as many elementary
entities as there are atoms in 0,012 kilogram of
carbon 12.

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Luminous intensity Measurement

Luminous intensity measurement

• The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given
direction, of a source that emits monochromatic
radiation of frequency 540 x 1012 hertz and that
has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683
watt per steradian

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 Derived Units
• From these base units, all other SI units of
measurement can be derived.

– Derived units are used for measurements

such as volume, density, and pressure.
 Measurement and Units
• Some Derived Quantities.
Quantity Definition Derived Unit (Name)
Area Length times length m2
Volume Area times length m3
Density Mass per unit volume kg/m3
Speed Distance per unit time m/s
Acceleration Change in speed per unit time m/s2
Force Mass times acceleration (kg·m)/s2 (newton, N)
Pressure Force per unit area kg/(m·s2) (pascal, Pa)
Energy Force times distance (kg·m2)/s2 (joule, J)

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•ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
Current intensity : The ampere (A)

potential difference, U : volt (V = W/A)

electrical capacitance, C : farad (F = C/V)
electrical resistance, R : ohm (Ω = V/A)
inductance, L : henri (H = Wb/A)
quantity of electricity, Q : coulomb (C = A.s)
power, P : watt (W = J/s)
energy, W : joule (J = N.m)
magnetic induction, B : tesla (T = Wb/m2)
electric field, E : volt per metre (V/m)
magnetic field strength, H : ampère per metre (A/m)
electric conductance, G : siemens (S = A/V)
attenuation, η : decibel (dB)
•MASS AND RELATED QUANTITIES
The mass : the kilogram (kg)

density : ρ kg.m-3
volume : V m3
force : F newton (N)
torque : M N.m
pressure : p pascal (Pa)
dynamic viscosity : η Pa.s
kinematic viscosity : υ m2.s-1
acoustic pressure : p pascal (Pa)
dynamic volume : v m3
mass flow-rate : qm kg.s-1
volume flow-rate : qv m3.s-1
air flow-rate : V m.s-1
•LENGTH AND DIMENSIONAL QUANTITIES
Length : the metre (m)

wavelength : λ metre (m)

length of material standards
metre (m)
:L
lplane angle : α radian (rad)
form measurement : metre (m)
How can we make very large or small
measurements easy to work with?
• A prefix is one or more letters or syllables added to
the beginning of a word to change its meaning.

• SI uses prefixes to express an SI unit that is larger

or smaller than the base unit.

• Kilo- means 1,000 times, so a kilogram is 1,000

grams.

• Milli- indicates 1/1,000 times, so a millimeter is

1/1,000 of a meter.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

 Measurement and Units
Prefix Symbol Value Standard Form

Tera T 1 000 000 000 000 x 10 12

Giga G 1 000 000 000 x 10 9

Mega M 1 000 000 x 10 6

Kilo k 1 000 x 10 3

Desi d 0.1 x 10 - 1

centi c 0.01 x 10 - 2

Mili m 0.001 x 10 - 3

Micro µ 0.000 001 x 10 - 6

Nano n 0.000 000 001 x 10 - 9

Piko p 0.000 000 000 001 x 10 - 12

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 Exercise
1. A body has mass of 100 mg. The mass of the body in SI Units is……
A. 0,001 kg B. 0,0001 kg C. 0,001 gram D. 0,1 gram
2. Standard units according to SI are…….
A. Meter, gram, and second C. Meter, pound, and second
B. Meter, kilogram, and second D. Centimeter, kilogram, and second
3. A dice (cube) has edges of 15 cm, the volume of the dice is…..
A. 225 cm3 B. 3325 cm3 C. 3375 cm3 D. 2375 cm3
4. In the package of glass water is usually written 240 ml. 240 ml shows……..
A. Mass B. Volume C. weight D. Density
5. A sack of a rice hass mass of 50 kg. The statement below which is called quantity is………
A. 50 B. kg C. 50 kg D. mass
6. Which one the following is unit?
A. span B. height C. width D. length
7. A student measures the length of a blackboard by using a left rib. The students is said
measures by using the unit of……..
A. Meter B. Standard C. nonstandard D. centimeter
8. One hectometer is equal to…….
A. 1.000 m B. 10.000 mm C. 1.000 dm D. 100 dam
9. The device used to measure time required by a 100 m runner is…..
A. Meter ribbon B. Watch C. stopwatch D. balance
10. Velocity is derived from the quantities of……
A. Length and time B. Length and mass C. Time and temperature D. Time and mass
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 Answer
1. A body has mass of 100 mg. The mass of the body in SI Units is……
A. 0,001 kg B. 0,0001 kg C. 0,001 gram D. 0,1 gram
2. Standard units according to SI are…….
A. Meter, gram, and second C. Meter, pound, and second
B. Meter, kilogram, and second D. Centimeter, kilogram, and second
3. A dice (cube) has edges of 15 cm, the volume of the dice is…..
A. 225 cm3 B. 3325 cm3 C. 3375 cm3 D. 2375 cm3
4. In the package of glass water is usually written 240 ml. 240 ml shows……..
A. Mass B. Volume C. weight D. Density
5. A sack of a rice hass mass of 50 kg. The statement below which is called quantity is………
A. 50 B. kg C. 50 kg D. mass
6. Which one the following is unit?
A. span B. height C. width D. length
7. A student measures the length of a blackboard by using a left rib. The students is said
measures by using the unit of……..
A. Meter B. Standard C. nonstandard D. centimeter
8. One hectometer is equal to…….
A. 1.000 m B. 10.000 mm C. 1.000 dm D. 100 dam
9. The device used to measure time required by a 100 m runner is…..
A. Meter ribbon B. Watch C. stopwatch D. balance
10. Velocity is derived from the quantities of……
A. Length and time B. Length and mass C. Time and temperature D. Time and mass 26
 Example Problems
1. Find the volume of a box that has a length of 2.3 mm,
height of 3.4 mm and a width of 2.1 mm.

2. Find the width of a container that has a volume of 120

cm³, length of 10 cm and height of 5 cm.

3. Find the density of an object that has a mass of 2.1 mg

and volume of 9.2 mm³.

4. Find the mass of an object that has a density of 0.78

g/ml and a volume of 16 ml.
 Example Problems
1. Convert the following:
45° C to F

97° F to C

12°F to C

65° C to F
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