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    Computers:: Tools For An Information Age

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    Naveed Javaid
    This document discusses the history and components of computer networking. It describes how ARPANET, developed in the 1960s, was the first computer network and allowed sharing of resources between devices. The basic components of a network are sending/receiving devices and communications links. Networks can connect locally within an office or building using a local area network (LAN), or connect devices worldwide using wide area networks (WAN) and the Internet. Standards help different computers communicate on a network.

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    Computers:: Tools For An Information Age

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    Naveed Javaid
    23 views16 pages
    This document discusses the history and components of computer networking. It describes how ARPANET, developed in the 1960s, was the first computer network and allowed sharing of resources between devices. The basic components of a network are sending/receiving devices and communications links. Networks can connect locally within an office or building using a local area network (LAN), or connect devices worldwide using wide area networks (WAN) and the Internet. Standards help different computers communicate on a network.

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    This document discusses the history and components of computer networking. It describes how ARPANET, developed in the 1960s, was the first computer network and allowed sharing of resources between devices. The basic components of a network are sending/receiving devices and communications links. Networks can connect locally within an office or building using a local area network (LAN), or connect devices worldwide using wide area networks (WAN) and the Internet. Standards help different computers communicate on a network.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    23 views16 pages

    Computers:: Tools For An Information Age

    Uploaded by

    Naveed Javaid
    This document discusses the history and components of computer networking. It describes how ARPANET, developed in the 1960s, was the first computer network and allowed sharing of resources between devices. The basic components of a network are sending/receiving devices and communications links. Networks can connect locally within an office or building using a local area network (LAN), or connect devices worldwide using wide area networks (WAN) and the Internet. Standards help different computers communicate on a network.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 16

    Computers:

    Tools for an Information Age

    Chapter 7
    Networking: Computer Connections
    Background
    • A computer network allows sharing of resources
    and information among interconnected devices.
    In the 1960s, the Advanced Research Projects
    Agency (ARPA) started funding the design of the
    Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
    (ARPANET) for the United States Department of
    Defense. It was the first computer network in the
    world. Development of the network began in
    1969, based on designs developed during the
    1960s.
    2
    Data Communications Systems
    • Computer systems that transmit data over
    communications lines such as telephone
    lines, cables (wires), & others

    3
    Putting Together a Network
    • Basic Components
    – Sending device
    – Communications link
    – Receiving device

    5
    Digital and Analog Transmission
    • Digital transmission
    • Analog transmission
    • Modem

    6
    Other Communications Devices
    • ISDN
    • DSL

    11
    Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-
    Duplex Transmission
    • Simplex transmission sends data in one
    direction only
    – Example: television broadcasting
    • Half-duplex transmission sends data in both
    directions, but only one way at a time
    – Example: bank teller sends data about a deposit; after
    data received, a confirmation returns
    • Full-duplex transmission allows transmission in
    both directions at same time
    – Example: a conversation
    – Typically used for high-speed data communication
    14
    Communications Media
    • Physical means of data transmission
    • Bandwidth is measure of the capacity of
    the communications link

    15
    Types of Communications
    Media
    • Wire pairs
    • Coaxial cables
    • Fiber optics
    • Microwave transmission
    • Satellite transmission
    • Wireless transmission

    16
    Setting Standards
    • Protocol - a set of rules for the exchange
    of data between a terminal and a
    computer or two computers
    – Agreement on how data is to be sent and
    receipt acknowledged
    – Needed to allow computers from different
    vendors to communicate
    – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
    Protocol (TCP/IP) permits any computer to
    communicate with the Internet
    23
    Network Topology
    • The physical layout of a
    network
    • Node - each computer,
    printer, or server on
    network
    • Three common topologies
    – Star
    – Ring
    – Bus

    24
    Wide Area Network (WAN)
    • Can span the world or link computers
    across town
    – Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) - networks
    that cover a single city
    • Components
    – Communications services

    28
    Local Area Network (LAN)
    • A collection of computers that share
    hardware, software, and data
    – Typically personal computers
    – Typically within an office or building

    32
    LAN Components
    • Network cable
    • Network interface card (NIC)
    • Router
    • Gateway

    33
    Client/Server Network
    • Server computer controls network
    – Often has several hard drives, fastest printer
    • Client computer requests services from
    server
    – Thin client has little or no storage
    • Processing approaches
    – Client/server
    – File server
    38
    Network Uses
    • Electronic mail (e-mail)
    • Facsimile (fax) technology
    • Groupware
    • Teleconferencing
    • Electronic data interchange
    • Electronic fund transfers
    • Computer commuting
    • The Internet
    41

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