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Chapter 2 Theoretical Background - Introduction

This document provides an outline and overview of the theoretical background on piles and anchors. It discusses the mechanics and structural components of piles, including how they transfer loads, their friction and end-bearing resistances, and structural elements like casings and reinforcement. It also covers the mechanics and structural details of retaining systems with anchors, how anchored pile walls function as supported beams, and the role of anchors in providing lateral support through bonded lengths and grouted zones that generate friction resistance.

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Fitsumbirhan Amanuel
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156 views19 pages

Chapter 2 Theoretical Background - Introduction

This document provides an outline and overview of the theoretical background on piles and anchors. It discusses the mechanics and structural components of piles, including how they transfer loads, their friction and end-bearing resistances, and structural elements like casings and reinforcement. It also covers the mechanics and structural details of retaining systems with anchors, how anchored pile walls function as supported beams, and the role of anchors in providing lateral support through bonded lengths and grouted zones that generate friction resistance.

Uploaded by

Fitsumbirhan Amanuel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL

BACKGROUND PILES AND


ANCHORS

Ayalneh Wondimu, B.A.Sc.,


M.Eng. (Geotech)
Oct. 02 – 13, 2017
Presentation outline:
 2.1 Piles

 2.1.1 Soil Mechanics

 2.1.2 Structural Components

 2.2 Retaining Systems

 2.2.1 Soil Mechanics

 2.2.2 Structural Components


Scope of Theoretical
• Lessons to be learned about piles and
anchors:
– the mechanics of piles and tie back anchors
– Know their structural components
• Soil Design Parameters for pile and anchors
– How do we obtain
– Design considerations
– Standard practice
2.1 Piles -
• transfer the loads from superstructures;

• friction or end-bearing type depending on the


predominant mode of resistance;

• bored cast in-situ piles


– mechanically augured or cored piles
– cast-in-situ means that the piles are cast with
concrete on site
2.1.1 Mechanics of Piles -
• the loads from superstructures are the action: Q
• the shaft friction and end bearing resistance are the
reaction : ts + qb;

• Friction Resistance depends on soil cohesion


and friction values
• Drained strength parameters – c’ and f’
• Identified for each layer and degree of
consolidation within each layer
Mechanics of Piles – (cont…)
• the pile design to construction steps
– Preliminary site investigation (exploratory)
– Structural design of superstructure (Reactions) –
preliminary designs adequate
– Geotechnical engineer recommends an
investigation program (detailed)
– Preliminary pile design based on GI report
– Pile Load test recommended before works –
PRELIMINARY Pile load test - or-
– Piling starts and Working Piles are tested
Mechanics of Piles – (cont…)
• the pile design to construction
steps(cont..)
– Piling starts and Working Piles are tested
» Confidence in soil parameters
» Previous pile tested nearby
– Load tests either confirm design assumptions or
provide insight
– Design REVISION (if required)
2.1.2 Structural components of Piles –
• Bored cast-in-situ piles
– Casings (permanent)
• Off shore piles (serves as shuttering – formwork)
• When expansive soils encountered in upper strata
• To minimize Negative skin friction

– Reinforcement Steel
• Where significant Bending and Lateral loads encountered
• Longitudinal and helical (shear) type
• Grades 40 to 60 – design to specify both AREA of steel
required, the sizes, the arrangement
• Tensile tests performed to verify – strength parameters
Structural components of Piles –
(cont…)
• Bored cast-in-situ piles (cont…)
– Concrete
• Primary compression element
• Class of concrete specified in design – fc’
• Type of cement may be specified depending on
ground conditions
• Usually OPC cement used (for workability and strength
requirements)
• Trial Mix design followed by Trial batch with sampling
for Compressive strength tests.
Structural components of Piles –
(cont…) – Typical Pile Design Drawing
2.2 Retaining Systems with Anchors
• support of an excavation pit
• anchored pile wall is the most common in
the local market
• If ground water present secant pile wall
systems are the preferred choice
• grouted anchor is identified as one of the
key components providing lateral support
2.2.1 Mechanics of Wall with
Anchors-
• anchored pile wall system acts as a supported
beam in the vertical direction
• pile is the beam anchors the supports
• actions on the wall are active soil pressure
• ground water pressure
• surcharge pressure due to surface loads
2.2.1 Mechanics - (cont…)

Figure 17: Anchored Pile wall – Schematics


2.2.1 Mechanics - (cont…)
• wall itself consists of a reinforced concrete
pile designed accordingly
• piles are loaded laterally and are subjected to
significant shear and bending moments
• analysis of the same requires special
consideration (modelling) of soil-structure
interactions
2.2.1 Mechanics - (cont…)
• Anchor schematics
2.2.1 Mechanics - (cont…)
• Anchors
– provide primary lateral support for the wall
– usually provide active support – they are pre-
tensioned at the design load
– resistance acts at the so called grouted length
– tendons are exposed to the grout at grouted
length
– cement slurry grout is bonding to the soil contact
2.2.1 Mechanics - (cont…)
• Anchors (cont…)
– soil at this contact provides resistance in the form of
friction (similar to pile shaft resistance)
– cohesive soils, anchors are usually post grouted at
high-pressure
• an enlarged bonded-length as compared to the original
installed borehole
• end bearing resistance at the start of the bonded length
– Pullout resistance of anchors needs to be checked
– The geotechnical design specifies the grouted length
with allowance for post grouting
2.2.2 Structural Details – Anchors-
• Anchors (cont…)
– internal integrity of the grouted anchor has to be ensured as
well
– steel in anchors are usually high tensile strength 1780 – 1880
N/mm2
– Usually bundled wires (7 nos.) called tendons
– Typical Per anchor 3 to 4 strands
– Cement type and Grade needs to be specified along with the
maximum w:c ratio
– Design of anchors specifies the free length (only elastic
extension of strands permitted)
– All anchors are usually proof tested before stressing and
locking
Chapter 2 : Theory (LEVEL I)

Thank You

END OF LESSON

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