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RFID - Radio-Frequency Identification: Communication Technology

RFID, or radio-frequency identification, is a technology that uses radio waves to automatically identify objects. An RFID system consists of RFID tags attached to objects, RFID readers to interrogate the tags, and a data processing system to manage the information collected. RFID tags contain antennas to receive and respond to radio-frequency queries from RFID readers by transmitting a unique serial number and other information. RFID provides automated identification of objects and has many applications in transportation, supply chain management, security, and more. While RFID promises benefits like increased efficiency, some have concerns about potential privacy issues if RFID tagging becomes widespread.

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Ronak S Aswaney
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85 views25 pages

RFID - Radio-Frequency Identification: Communication Technology

RFID, or radio-frequency identification, is a technology that uses radio waves to automatically identify objects. An RFID system consists of RFID tags attached to objects, RFID readers to interrogate the tags, and a data processing system to manage the information collected. RFID tags contain antennas to receive and respond to radio-frequency queries from RFID readers by transmitting a unique serial number and other information. RFID provides automated identification of objects and has many applications in transportation, supply chain management, security, and more. While RFID promises benefits like increased efficiency, some have concerns about potential privacy issues if RFID tagging becomes widespread.

Uploaded by

Ronak S Aswaney
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RFID - Radio-frequency identification

Communication Technology
Ronak S Aswaney, ID: 0710229
What is RFID?

 Radio-frequency identification.

 RFID is a technology that uses radio-frequency waves. RFID


uses tags as a component to transfer data between a reader
and a movable item(middleware), which can be used to
identify, categorize & track the data.

 RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require physical sight or


contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item.
What Constitutes an RFID System?

 RFID tag
o Chip
o Antenna

 RFID reader or transceiver


o Transmitter and Receiver
o Control Unit
o Antenna

 Data processing subsystem


o Middleware
A simple RFID system
RFID Tags

A Tag is a transponder which receives a radio signal and in


response to it sends out a radio signal.

 It contains an antenna, and a small chip that stores a small


amount of data.
 It can be programmed at manufacture or on installation.
 It is powered by the high power electromagnetic field
generated by the antennas.
 A multiple number of the tags can be read at a time.
 Tags can be attached to almost anything.
 Two types: Active & Passive.
Active vs. Passive

Active tags Passive tags

• Powered by an internal • Operate without battery.


battery. • Derive power from the field
• Finite lifetime. generate by the reader.
• Greater range. (Up to 100 M) • Less expensive.($0.50 - $5)
• Weak range. ( 3 – 5 M)
• Relatively Expensive. • Subject to noise.
($50 - $250) • Require more powerful
• Better noise immunity. readers.
• Higher data transmission rates. • Very sensitive.
RFID Tags – The EPC Code

 The objective of the Electronic Product Code (EPC) is to


provide unique identification of physical objects.

 Header – defines data type.


 EPC Manager – describes originator of EPC (Product
manufacturer)
 Object Class - Could describe the product type.
 Serial Number – Unique ID for that product item.
RFID Readers

RFID reader is a device that is used to interrogate an RFID


tag.

This is how the Reader works:


 The reader has an antenna that emits radio waves.
 The tag then responds by sending back its data.

The reader has two basic components :


 A scanning antenna
 A transceiver with a decoder to interpret the data
RFID - Middleware

 In short: Data Processing.


 It provides reader connectivity to other systems on the
network, translates that data and transmits it to other
applications.
RFID - Middleware

Single-Tier RFID Middleware Architecture


RFID - Middleware

Multitier RFID Middleware


RFID vs. Barcode
An Excellent Example of RFID in Dubai
Illustration of how the Salik works
Examples of RFID Current Applications

 Transport and logistics: toll management, tracking of


goods.

 Security and access control: tracking people (students


etc.), control access to restricted areas.

 Supply chain management: item tagging, theft-


prevention.

 Medical and pharmaceutical applications:


identification and location of staff and patients, asset
tracking, counterfeit protection for drugs
Examples of RFID Current Applications

 Manufacturing and processing: streamlining assembly


line processes.

 Agriculture: tracking of animals, quality control. Etc.

 Public sector: passports, driver’s licenses, counterfeit


protection for bank notes, library systems.
Benefits of using RFID Technology

RIGHT PRODUCT
SECURE ENVIRONMENT
RIGHT AMOUNT
RIGHT TIME
RIGHT PLACE

 Increased Sales
 Order uplift to Vendors/Suppliers
 Increased Revenues
 Reduced Warehouse Costs
 Faster/better Customer Service
RFID Holds Potentially Large Economic
Benefits

 If RFID tags were widely deployed, retailers could reduce


standing inventories by 5%, warehouse labor by 7.5%, and
product losses by 1% of sales.

 RFID will also facilitate self-service checkout providing


considerable savings to stores and other establishments
(e.g., libraries).
RFID a Major Time Saver

 RFID avoids the need for line of sight and provides the ability
to read multiple tags at the same time

Exit loading dock 5

READER
Match Shipment
To
Purchase Order

Track & Trace


Common Problems with RFID

 RFID systems can be easily disrupted.


 RFID systems make use of the electromagnetic spectrum ( WiFi networks, cell phones), they are
relatively easy to jam using energy at the right frequency.
 Battery.

 RFID Reader Collision.


 Reader collision occurs when the signals from two or more readers overlap.

 RFID Tag Collision.


 Tag collision occurs when many tags are present in a small area.

 The contents of an RFID tag can be read after the item leaves the supply chain.
 An RFID tag cannot tell the difference between one reader and another.

 RFID tags are difficult to remove.

 RFID tags can be read without your knowledge.


An IBM RFID Commercial
Controversy:

 What will happen if in the coming years, nearly everything is


tagged with a RFID chip?
---- Privacy

 RFID is a very hot, hyped field right now; Normal people think
it’s the best thing ever, while privacy advocates think it’s the
worst….
History of RFID

1940 – 1950
 Based on the experiences with radar usage and radio broadcast technology in the year 1948 a first scientific article
about RFID was announced.
1950 – 1960
 First explorations of RFID technology, laboratory experiments too place.
1960 – 1970
 Many theories concerning RFID were developed.
 First commercial usage in connection with electronic article surveillance equipment to counter theft.
1970 – 1980
 Many institutions (academic, governmental, business) were actively working on RFID and many advances have been
made during this time.
 Some early adopter implementations like vehicle tagging or animals tagging have been realized.
1980 – 1990
 Many commercial applications of RFID entered mainstream.
 Electronic toll collection on roads became the main field of interest in many countries around the world
1990 – 2006
 RFID became widely deployed and therefore a part of everyday life.
 Beginning of using the same tag for several purposes (toll collection, parking lot access, fare collection, campus
access, …).
 Also several standards have been adopted.
Presently
 Widely used.
Conclusion

 It’s far too early to determine how RFID will be rolled out
and what, if any, will be the privacy and consumer
protection issues.

 As a result, policy makers should respond to this new


technology the way they have dealt with all new
information technologies: if and when problems arise,
address them at the time.
THANK YOU!
ANY QUESTIONS?

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