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Computer Project Ms Powerpoint

This document summarizes the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were room-sized. The second generation used transistors and were smaller. The third generation used integrated circuits and allowed multitasking. The fourth generation used microprocessors and were personal computers. The fifth generation aims to develop artificial intelligence and quantum computing. It also includes a diagram of a family structure.

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Yashas Kumar
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64 views8 pages

Computer Project Ms Powerpoint

This document summarizes the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were room-sized. The second generation used transistors and were smaller. The third generation used integrated circuits and allowed multitasking. The fourth generation used microprocessors and were personal computers. The fifth generation aims to develop artificial intelligence and quantum computing. It also includes a diagram of a family structure.

Uploaded by

Yashas Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER PROJECT

MICROSOFT POWERPOINT

N A M E : - YA S H A S V I N I . V
CLASS:- IX B
ROLL NO:- 31
SCHOOL:- OUTREACH SCHOOL
INDEX

 FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS.

 SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS.

 THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS.

 FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS.

 FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS.

 SMART ART – FAMILY STRUCTURE.


 Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956)
 The first computer systems used vacuum
tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for
memory, and were often enormous, taking up
entire rooms. These computers were very
expensive to operate and in addition to using
a great deal of electricity, the first computers
generated a lot of heat, which was often the
cause of malfunctions.
 First generation computers relied on machine
language, the lowest-level programming
language understood by computers, to
perform operations, and they could only solve
one problem at a time. It would take operators
days or even weeks to set-up a new problem.
Input was based on punched cards and paper
tape, and output was displayed on printouts.
 The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are
examples of first-generation computing
devices. The UNIVAC was the first commercial
computer delivered to a business client, the
U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.
SECOND GENERATION OF COMPUTERS.

 Transistors (1956-1963)

 The world would see transistors replace vacuum


tubes in the second generation of computers. The
transistor was invented at Bell Labs in 1947 but
did not see widespread use in computers until the
late 1950s.
 The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube,
allowing computers to become smaller, faster,
cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable
than their first-generation predecessors. Though
the transistor still generated a great deal of heat
that subjected the computer to damage, it was a
vast improvement over the vacuum tube. Second-
generation computers still relied on punched cards
for input and printouts for output.
 Second-generation computers moved from cryptic
binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly,
languages, which allowed programmers to specify
instructions in words. High-level programming
languages were also being developed at this time,
such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN.
These were also the first computers that stored
their instructions in their memory, which moved
from a magnetic drum to magnetic core technology.
THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS.

 Integrated Circuits (1964-1971)

 The development of the integrated circuit was


the hallmark of the third generation of
computers. Transistors were miniaturized and
placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors,
which drastically increased the speed and
efficiency of computers.

 Instead of punched cards and printouts, users


interacted with third generation computers
through keyboards and monitors and interfaced
with an operating system, which allowed the device
to run many different applications at one time with
a central program that monitored the memory.
Computers for the first time became accessible to a
mass audience because they were smaller and
cheaper than their predecessors.
 Microprocessors (1971-Present)

 The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of


computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built
onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation
filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the
hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all
the components of the computer—from the central
processing unit and memory to input/output controls—on a
single chip.

 In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home


user, and in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh.
Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop
computers and into many areas of life as more and more
everyday products began to use microprocessors.

 As these small computers became more powerful, they


could be linked together to form networks, which
eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth
generation computers also saw the development of GUIs,
the mouse and handheld devices.
 Artificial Intelligence (Present and
Beyond)

 Fifth generation computing devices,


based on artificial intelligence, are still
in development, though there are some
applications, such as voice recognition,
that are being used today. The use of
parallel processing and
superconductors is helping to make
artificial intelligence a reality.

 Quantum computation and molecular


and nanotechnology will radically
change the face of computers in years
to come. The goal of fifth-generation
computing is to develop devices that
respond to natural language input and
are capable of learning and self-
organization.
FAMILY MEMBERS
POORNIMA
YAMUNA
JAYARAM VASANTH KUMAR
KAVITHA
NALINI KAVITHA
CHINNI

YASHAS
YASHASVINI

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