Engineering Drawing

and Graphics

- UNIT 2 –
Using drawing tools

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 Contents

1) Preparation of tools
2) Using of tools
3) Geometrical Constructions

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 1) PREPARATION OF TOOLS

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 Tools to be prepared

1. Paper Fastening a sheet to a drafting board

2. Pencils Sharpening the lead
3. Compass Sharpening the lead

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 Fastening Paper to Drafting Board

1. Place the paper close to the table’s left edge.

2. Move the paper until its lower edge place about the top
edge of T-square.

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 Fastening Paper to Drafting Board

3. Align the top edge of the paper with T-square blade.

4. Attach the paper’s corners with tape.

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 Fastening Paper to Drafting Board

5. Move T-square down to smooth the paper.

6. Attach the remaining paper’s corners with tape.

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 Sharpening the Pencil
1. Remove the wood with penknife while expose a lead
about 8-10 mm.
2. Polish the lead into a conical shape with a sandpaper.

3. Clean the lead with tissue paper.

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 Preparing the Compass

1. Sharpen the lead with a sandpaper.

2. Adjust the needle and the lead so that the tip of

the needle extends slightly more than the lead.

needle lead
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 2) USING THE TOOLS

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 Function of the tools

Tools Shape to be drawn

1. T-square
Straight line
2. Triangles
T-square and triangles can be used together to draw an inclined
line with 15o increment, i.e. 15o, 30o, 45o, 60o, 75o, 90o, 105o,
120o, 135o, 150o, 165o, 180o etc.

3. Compass
Arc, Circle
4. Circle template

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 Using a compass
1. Locate the center of the circle to be drawn.
Draw two intersecting lines.
2. Adjust the distance between a needle and a lead
to be a radius of the circle.
3. Set the needle point at the circle’s center.

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 Using a compass

4. Start circle. Apply enough pressure to the needle, holding the

compass handle between thumb and index fingers.
5. Complete circle. Revolve the handle clockwise.

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 Using a template
1. Draw two perpendicular lines that pass through center of a
circle to be drawn.
2. Align all markings on template with the center lines.
3. Tracing the circle.

Given
Center of a circle to be drawn

Visible line

Construction line

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 Draw a line through the given points
Explanations
Given
1. Place the pencil tip at one of the
given points.
A 2. Place the triangle against the
pencil tip.

B 3. Swing the triangle around the

pencil tip until its edge aligns with
the second point.
4. Draw a line.

play

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 Draw a horizontal line

1. Press the T-square head against the left edge of the table.

2. Smooth the blade to the right.

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 Draw a horizontal line
3. Lean the pencil at an angle about 60o with the paper in the
direction of the line and slightly “toed in”.
4. Rotate the pencil slowly while moving the pencil from left to right.

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 Draw a horizontal line

5. Move T-square up or down to draw another horizontal line.

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 Draw a vertical line
1. Set T-square as before.
Place any triangle on T-square edge.
2. Use your left hand to hold both T-square and triangle in position.

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 Draw a vertical line

3. Lean the pencil to the triangle.

4. Draw the line upward while rotating the pencil slowly.

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 Draw a line at 30o with horizontal
1. Place 30o-60o triangle on the T-square edge and press them
firmly against the paper.
2. Draw the line in the direction as shown below.

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UNIT 2- Using drawing tools 2
 Draw a line at 45o with horizontal

1. Place 45o triangle on the T-square edge and press them firmly
against the paper.
2. Draw the line in the direction as shown below.

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UNIT 2- Using drawing tools
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 Draw a line at 60o with horizontal

1. Place 30o-60o triangle on the T-square edge and press them

firmly against the paper.
2. Draw the line in the direction as shown below.

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 Draw a line at 15o with horizontal

1 -30o + 45o = 15o CCW

2 60o + (-45o) = 15o CCW

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 Draw a line at 75o with horizontal

1 30o + 45o = 75o CCW

2 45o + 30o = 75o CCW

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 Draw a line at 105o with horizontal

1 60o + 45o = 105o CCW

2 45o + 60o = 105o CCW

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 3) GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS

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 Geometrical Constructions

1. Bisecting 2. Parallel line 3. Perpendicular line

6. Tangent arc
4. Inclined line 5. Tangent line

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 1. Bisecting a line and an angle

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 To bisect a given line

Given Explanations
1. Swing two arcs having a radius
A greater than half-length of the
line with the centers at the
r1 ends of the line.
r1
2. Join the intersection points of
the arcs with a line.
B
3. Locate the midpoint.
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 2. Drawing a parallel line

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 Line parallel to a given line
through a given point
Given
Explanations
C
+ 1. Line an edge of a triangle up
to a given line.
2. Support the triangle with
another one.
3. Slide the first triangle until its
edge passes through the
given point.

4. Draw a line.
play

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 Line parallel to a given line
at a given distance
Given
Explanations
1. Choose a convenient point on
a given line.
r
r 2. Use that point as center of an
arc with a radius equal to a
given distance.

3. Draw a line parallel to a given

line and tangent to the arc.

play

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 3. Drawing a perpendicular line

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 Line perpendicular to a point in a line
Revolve method

Given Explanations
1. Line an opposite edge of a 45o
triangle up to a given line.
2. Support the triangle with another
one.
C
+ 3. Flip the first triangle and slide
until its edge passes through
the given point.
4. Draw a line.

play

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 Line perpendicular to a point in a line
Adjacent-sides method

Given Explanations
1. Line an adjacent edge of a 45o
triangle up to a given line.
2. Support the triangle with another
C one.
+
3. Slide the first triangle until
another adjacent edge passes
through the given point.

4. Draw a line.

play

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 4. Drawing an inclined line

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 Line making 15o with a given line
through a given point
Given Given

C C
+ +

play play

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 Line making 30o with a given line
through a given point

Given Given

C C
+ +

play play

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 Line making 75o with a given line
through a given point

Given Given

C
+
+
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 To draw an arc of given radius tangent
to two perpendicular lines
Given arc radius r

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 To draw an arc of given radius tangent
to two perpendicular lines
Given arc radius r
center of the arc

Starting point

Ending point

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 draw an approximate ellipse

Given Major and minor axes

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