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Chapter - 5

The document discusses different types of information system software including application software like Microsoft Office that perform specific tasks, and system software like operating systems that provide capabilities to make computers usable and manage resources and processes. It also covers topics like programming languages from machine language to modern languages, and differences between traditional and object-oriented programming.

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43 views29 pages

Chapter - 5

The document discusses different types of information system software including application software like Microsoft Office that perform specific tasks, and system software like operating systems that provide capabilities to make computers usable and manage resources and processes. It also covers topics like programming languages from machine language to modern languages, and differences between traditional and object-oriented programming.

Uploaded by

shawon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Information System Software

 Minhaz Rahman
 Md. Fahad Bhuiyan
 Sazzad Hossain
 Abu Raihan
 Afrin Hossain
 Assikuzzaman Shohan
If ‘Hardware’ is the body then
‘Software’ is the life to that.
 Software is a set of programs that tell
hardware/computer about what needs to do.

 Software is needed because hardware cannot


function without it.

 Computer and other devices must have


programs to tell them what to do.
Alone hardware is valueless.
Software makes it useful.
 Program is a set of instruction that tells the
computer what to do.

 Software is a set of programs needed to


perform several functions.
The entire ‘Microsoft Word Document’ is a
‘SOFTWARE’.
But the saving option, printing option or
zooming option is a ‘Program’ by itself; those
types of programs make the whole ‘Software.’
There are 2 types of information system
software:

1) Application Software
2) System Software
 Application software is a program or group of
programs that design to perform specific task
for the end-users.

For example:
Microsoft Office, Chrome, KMPlayer, Bijoy
Bangla etc.
 There are 4 types of application software:

 Individual Application Software:


i) Word Processing Software
ii) Spreadsheet Software
iii) Database Software

 Workgroup Application Software:


i) Electronic Messaging Software
ii) Information Sharing Software
iii) Electronic Conferencing Software
 Organizational Application Software:
i) Business Operation Support Software
ii) Management Decision Support Software

 Inter-organizational Application Software:


i) Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Software
ii) Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) Software
 System software is the software that provides
capabilities to make computer usable.

 It gives a platform in which all the application


software are operated.

 The most important system software is the


‘Operating System Software.’ Without it
computer is extremely difficult to use.
 An operating system is a group of programs
that manages the operation of the computer.

 Every device must need an operating system


software.

 The operating system controls the computer


when other programs are not executing.
Example :
Windows, Unix, Linux etc.
Hardware

Mouse, Printer,
Keyboard.

Operating System

Application Software
 There are 3 main function of an operating
system:

1. Process Management: keeping track of all


the program executions.

2. Resources Management: Assigning the


resources i.e. primary storage, secondary
storage, input-output devices to each process.

3. Data Management: Managing the movement of


data between the main components.
 Most of the programs in an operating system are
stored in secondary storage.

 But there is a ‘Supervisor’ program that is stored


in the primary storage while the computer is
running.

 This program controls the computer when


another program is not executing.

 It loads other programs in the primary storage


that need to be executed by the computer.
 The supervisor program passes the control of the
computer to the program that needs to be
executed.
Primary Storage Primary Storage
Supervisor Supervisor
Program 1 Program 1

Program 2 Program 2

Program 3 Program 3

a) Executing program 1 b) Executing program 2


 Multitasking: Some of the operating system can
perform only one program at a time; this known
as ‘Single-tasking.’
But most of the operating system can execute
more than one program at a time which is
known as ‘Multitasking.’

Primary Storage Primary Storage


Supervisor
Supervisor
Program 1
Program 1
Program 2

Single Tasking Multitasking


 Multiple-user: Some operating systems allow
only one user to use the computer at a time.
They are called ‘Single user Operating System.’

On the other hand, some operating system


allow more than one user to use at a time.
They are called ‘Multiple user operating system.’
 Windows: Developed by Microsoft for
personal computer. It has different version,
like:
1. Windows Vista
2) Windows XP
3) Windows 7
4) Windows 8, 8.1, 10 etc.

 OS/2: An operating system developed by IBM


for IBM personal computer.
 UNIX: This operating system was developed
by Bell Laboratories in the early 1970s. It was
developed for minicomputers.

 Linux: Developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds.


 Utility Program: used for performing common
functions. Examples:
Print utility, Copy utility, Sort utility etc.

 Communication Software: used for


communication between computers. Examples:
Terminal Emulation Software, Client Software etc.

 Database Management System: used for


managing database.
 Software is developed by a process called
Programming.

 Programming involves a number of steps for


writing the instructions in a mode that a
computer can understand.

 Programming Language is a set of rules for


preparing a computer program.

 The people who prepare the instruction for


the computer is known as Programmer.
 Programming Language is like a natural
language consisting of words, symbols and
rules of grammar.

 The grammatical rules of a programming


language is known as ‘Syntax’.

 A programmer needs to combine the word and


symbols according to the syntax to form an
instruction.

 The first programming language was developed


in the 1950s.
 Programming language fall into 5 generation:

1. Machine Language (1st Generation)


( Basic computer language, Machine dependent
Language, Written in binary (0,1) format, directly
understandable by the computer )

2. Assembly Language ( 2nd Generation)


( Use symbolic code instead of binary, is easier than
machine language, needs a translator program
called Assembler to translate an assembly language
into machine language )
3. 3rd Generation Language:
( close to human language, needs to
translate into object program or machine
language )
Examples: C, C++, Cobol, Fortran, Basic etc.

4. 4th Generation Language:


( Machine independency , Faster program
writing, Quicker performance )
Examples: Query Language like SQL,
Application generator etc.

5. 5th Generation Language:


( Programs will be like natural language
i.e. English. )
 ‘Traditional Programming’ separates the processed
data from the program.
Fortran, C, Basic etc. are traditional programming language.

 But in ‘Object Oriented Programming’, programs and


data are not separate rather they are combined to an
object .
C++, C#, Visual Basic etc. are object oriented programming.

Programs Data Programs Data

Object
Traditional Programming
 Object Oriented Programming
 Internet programming language is used to
develop web pages for internet.

 Common internet programming language are:


i) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
ii) Extensible Markup Language (XML)
iii) Java etc.
That’s All.

If there is any question, raise your hand.

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