Strings

• String is sequence of character.

String stringname= new String (“strings”);

Example :-
String b = new String (“how are you?”);
String array Syntax:-
String arrayname[ ]=new String [size];
example:-
String k[ ] = new String[3];
public class string1
{
static String name[ ]={"Dubai","Tehran","Delhi","Bangkok","Singapur","Abu-
dhabi"};
public static void main(String u[])
{
int n=name.length;
String t=null;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
for (int j = i+1; j < n; j++)
{
if(name[j].compareTo(name[i]) <0 )
{
t=name[i];
name[i]=name[j];
name[j]=t;
}
}
}
for (int i = 0; i <n; i++)
{
System.out.println(name[i]);
}
} }
public class string2
{
public static void main(String p[])
{
/*1) Find the 5th character in the string " MOHAMMED HAMZA"
2) Find the index of character "K"in string "KALAMULLAH".
3) Convert the string "hello world"to uppercase.
4) Replace character 'h'with 'b'in the string"humble */
String no1 = "MOHAMMED HAMZA";
String no2 = "KALAMULLAH";
String no3 = "hello world";
String no4 = "humble";
//remember java indicies start at 0
System.out.println("\nCurrent String: " + no1);
System.out.println("The 5th character: " + no1.charAt(4));
System.out.println("\nCurrent String: " + no2);
System.out.println("The index of character k: " + (no2.indexOf("K") + 1) );
System.out.println("\nCurrent String: " + no3);
System.out.println("Convert string to uppercase: " + no3.toUpperCase());
System.out.println("\nCurrent String: " + no4);
System.out.println("Replace character h with b: " + no4.replace('h', 'b'));
}

}
public class StringArray {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
       String arr[ ] = {"Zero", "One", "Three"};  //initialization String Arrays

        System.out.println("String Array arr ...");
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(arr[i]);
        }
        
        String arr1[] = new String[]{"Zero", "One", "Two"};
        System.out.println("\nString Array arr1...");
        for (int i = 0; i < arr1.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(arr1[i]);
        }
       String arr2[ ] = new String[3]; // This allocates the array but they are all null
         arr2[0] = "Zero";
        arr2[1] = "One";
        arr2[2] = "Two";
        System.out.println("\nString Array arr2...");
        for (int i = 0; i < arr2.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(arr2[i]);
        }
    }
}
• StringBuffer class:- It is peer class of String.
While String class creates strings of fixed
length,
• StringBuffer creates strings of flexible length
that can be modified in term of both length and
content.
• We insert character and substring in the middle
of the string or append another string to the
end.
// Stringbuffre
public class stringbuffre1
{
public static void main(String k[ ])
{
StringBuffer sb1 = new StringBuffer("welcome to ");
String b = "YIU";
sb1.append(b);
System.out.println(sb1);
char c1[ ] = new char[ ] {'Y','e','s'};
StringBuffer sb2 = new StringBuffer("Are you well ");
sb2.append(c1);
System.out.println(sb2);
boolean c = true;
StringBuffer sb3 = new StringBuffer("Hello World");
sb3.insert(6,c);
System.out.println(sb3);
StringBuffer sb4 = new StringBuffer("Hello World");
sb4.deleteCharAt(0);
System.out.println(sb4);
}
}
• In java Vector is a class of java.util package,
that is commonly used instead of array,
because they expand automatically when new
data is added to them.
• Vector can we declared without specified any
size explicitly.
• It can keep only objects.
• It can hold objects of any type and any
number
• Vector possess number of advantage over
array.
1. It is convenient to use vectors to store objects.
2. It can be used to store a list of objects that may vary in
size.
 Wrapper classes
• As we know that vector in java can hold only
object; but can't directly store primitive data
types, like int, float, char, long, double.
therefore we need to convert simple data type
to object. This can we done using wrapper
classes.

• Wrapper classes are classes that are used

byte Byte
short Short
int Integer
long Long
float Float
double Double
char Character
boolean Boolean
 Interface New Chapter
• An interface is similar to a class, but without
instance and static variables (static final
constants are allowed), and without method
bodies.
• Interface define abstract methods and final
field.
• Interfaces cannot be instantiated—they can
only be implemented by classes or extended by
other interfaces.
• It start with interface key word.
• When a class specifies that it implements an
interface, it must define all methods of that
particular interface.
• A class can be implement many different
interfaces. If a class doesn't define all methods
of the interfaces it agreed to define (by the
implements clause), the compiler gives an error
message
interface interfaceName
{
variable declaration;
method declaration;
}
Extending interfaces:- like class, interface may also
extends an other interface by using extends keyword.
interface abc extends xyz
{
body of abc interface;
}

interaface first1
{ int a=100;
String k=“book”;
}
interface second extends first1
{
void result();
}
• Subinterface can’t define the methods
declared in the superinterface.
• Interface can’t extends classes.
Implementing interfaces
• A class can inherit interfaces by using
implement keyword
class ABC implements intefacename
{
body of the ABC
}
A class can extends supereclass and also
can implement one or more than one
interfaces
class classname extends superclass
implements interface1,interface2,…
{
body of classname
}
// interfaces public class face1
interface Area2 {
public static void main(String k[])
{
{
final static float pi=3.14f;
rectangle ob1=new rectangle();
float process1(float a, float b); circle ob2=new circle();
} Area2 t; //interface object
class rectangle implements Area2 t=ob1;
{ float h1=t.process1(9, 20);
public float process1(float a, float b) System.out.println("Area of rectangle =
"+h1);
{
t=ob2;
return (a*b); float h2 =t.process1(7, 0);
} System.out.println("Area of Circle =
} "+h2);
class circle implements Area2 }
{ }

public float process1(float a, float b)