EEE:464 Wireless Communication: Instructor: Shahwaiz Iqbal
EEE:464 Wireless Communication: Instructor: Shahwaiz Iqbal
Communication
Instructor: Shahwaiz Iqbal
Lets know each other!
• My Introduction
– Email: [email protected]
– Phone: 8318471 ext 160
– Office: 317 Academic block I
– Office hours: Tuesday: 2:30-4:00
Friday: 2:30-4:00
Or by appointment (taken either by email or at the end of every
lecture)
• Note: If you think you are weak in these courses, I would recommend you
to either revise these courses in the starting weeks, or to drop the course.
Recommended Books
• In this course, we would not have a specific text book.
• Information about a lot of topics can be found in the following text books.
• Moreover, please remember that you may have to face me in other exams
(e.g. prelims, qualifiers) and professionally!
Tentative Outline
Topics Covered
EEE464WirelessCom_FA10
• On-line material
– lecture viewgraphs in PDF & PPT
• check before class, and print them
– copies of handouts, home works, exams etc.
– important announcements
What is Communication?
Components of a Communication
System
Components of a Communication
System
• The source originates a message, which could be a human voice, a
television picture or data. The source is converted by an input transducer
into an electrical waveform referred to as the baseband signal or message
signal.
• The receiver output is fed to the output transducer, which converts the
electrical signal to its original form.
• Energy and delay constraints change design principles across all layers
of the protocol stack
Multimedia Requirements
.1 .1
.01 .01
1970 1980 1990 2000 1970 1980 1990 2000
YEAR YEAR
Frequency Carries/Channels
Channel 1 (b - b+30)
- Voice Transmission
- Frequency Reuse -Data Transmission
-Radio Propagation -Mobile IP (integrating
- Handoff Management
-Link Characteristics mobile hosts to internet)
-Location Tracking
-Error Models -Ad-hoc Networks
-Roaming
-Wireless Medium -TCP over Wireless
-QoS
Access (MAC) -Service Discovery
-GSM, CDMA,
- Error Control
Cordless Phones,
-GPRS, EDGE
Very Basic Cellular/PCS Architecture
Mobility
Public Switched Database
Base Station
Telephone Network Controller
Mobile
Switching
Center
(MSC)
Radio Network
Base Station
(BS) Mobile Station
Wireless System Definitions
– Mobile Station
– A station in the cellular radio service intended for use while in
motion at unspecified locations. They can be either hand-held
personal units (portables) or installed on vehicles (mobiles)
– Base station
– A fixed station in a mobile radio system used for radio
communication with the mobile stations. Base stations are
located at the center or edge of a coverage region. They
consists of radio channels and transmitter and receiver
antennas mounted on top of a tower.
Wireless System Definitions
– Mobile Switching Center
– Switching center which coordinates the routing of calls in a
large service area. In a cellular radio system, the MSC
connections the cellular base stations and the mobiles to the
PSTN (telephone network). It is also called Mobile Telephone
Switching Office (MTSO)
– Subscriber
– A user who pays subscription charges for using a mobile
communication system
– Transceiver
– A device capable of simultaneously transmitting and receiving
radio signals
Wireless System Definitions
– Control Channel
– Radio channel used for transmission of call setup, call request,
call initiation and other beacon and control purposes.
– Forward Channel
– Radio channel used for transmission of information from the
base station to the mobile
– Reverse Channel
– Radio channel used for transmission of information from
mobile to base station
Wireless System Definitions
– Simplex Systems
– Communication systems which provide only one-way
communication
– Half Duplex Systems
– Communication Systems which allow two-way
communication by using the same radio channel for both
transmission and reception. At any given time, the user can
either transmit or receive information.
– Full Duplex Systems
– Communication systems which allow simultaneous two-way
communication. Transmission and reception is typically on
two different channels (FDD).
Wireless System Definitions
– Handoff
– The process of transferring a mobile station from one channel
or base station to an other.
– Roamer
– A mobile station which operates in a service area (market)
other than that from which service has been subscribed.
– Page
– A brief message which is broadcast over the entire service
area, usually in simulcast fashion by many base stations at the
same time.
Standards
• Next Generation
– 3G Cellular: ~300 Kbps.
– WLANs: ~70 Mbps.
• Technology Enhancements
– Hardware: Better batteries. Better circuits/processors.
– Link: Antennas, modulation, coding, adaptivity, DSP, BW.
– Network: Dynamic resource allocation. Mobility support.
– Application: Soft and adaptive QoS.
Other Tradeoffs:
Rate Rate vs. Coverage
Rate vs. Delay
4G Rate vs. Cost
802.11b WLAN Rate vs. Energy
3G
2G
2G Cellular
Mobility
Fundamental Design Breakthroughs Needed
Current Wireless Systems
• Cellular Systems
• Wireless LANs
• Satellite Systems
• Paging Systems
• Bluetooth
Cellular Systems:
Reuse channels to maximize capacity
• Geographic region divided into cells
• Frequencies/timeslots/codes reused at spatially-separated locations.
• Co-channel interference between same color cells.
• Base stations/MTSOs coordinate handoff and control functions
• Shrinking cell size increases capacity, as well as networking burden
BASE
STATION
MTSO
Cellular Phone Networks
San Francisco
BS
BS
Internet
New York
MTSO MTSO
PSTN
BS
3G Cellular Design: Voice and Data
• Data is bursty, whereas voice is continuous
– Typically require different access and routing strategies
• 3G “widens the data pipe”:
– 384 Kbps.
– Standard based on wideband CDMA
– Packet-based switching for both voice and data
• 3G cellular struggling in Europe and Asia
• Evolution of existing systems (2.5G,2.6798G):
• GSM+EDGE
• IS-95(CDMA)+HDR
• 100 Kbps may be enough
• What is beyond 3G?
Internet
Access
Point
• 802.11n(New Standard)
– Standard for 2.4GHz and 2.5 GHz bands
– DSSSCCK(Direct sequence spread spectrum complement key coding) or OFDM
– Speed up to 600Mbps
– MIMO
Satellite Systems
8C32810.61-Cimini-7/98
Emerging Systems
• Peer-to-peer communications.
• No backbone infrastructure.
• Routing can be multihop.
• Topology is dynamic.
• Fully connected with different link SINRs
Design Issues
Automated Vehicles
- Cars
- UAVs
- Insect flyers
• Current autonomous vehicle platoon controllers are not string stable with any
communication delay